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EN
Economic and political changes in Europe, particularly in the last decade have led to an increase in the cultural diversity of its citizens. Latvia, which received a troubling legacy from the former Soviet Union – a diverse ethnic mix, also found itself EU. In 1989, after nearly fifty years of Soviet domination it regained its independence and stood on the way of reform and transition from a totalitarian to an independent style of governance. Among the many problems that appeared in front of this small country in 2004, there were also those that are lively debated in contemporary Europe. Some of them are laws for immigrants and minority rights. Analysis of past and present situation in Latvia seem to be particularly important to the events which have recently been seen in Ukraine which is an another country of the past Soviet Union – and after 1990 also the Russian – sphere of influence. Article deals with the integration process, with Latvian law regulating issues of citizenship, minority rights and the status of the state language as conforming to international standards. It also deals with the education of national minorities in Latvia. Bilingual education proposed to the minorities has goal to integrate the Latvian society as a whole, to build a multicultural state based on unity. Bilingual education also enables the acquisition of language skills allowing the free movement on the labor market. This ensures both the protection of ethnic and religious identity by providing the understanding of the language and culture of the country of residence. Problems of this young state are still waiting for a solution by the future government in Latvia. This small Baltic country, for ten years, is integrating multinational community of its own country into the tissue of Western Europe to which it was a stranger till the year 2004.
EN
Lifelong learning is one of the long-term strategic objectives of the European Union. The concept has evolved from an academic theory into an essential part of the performance and development of companies, institutions, organizations and individuals with various levels of education, age and work experience. Innovative research and development projects and their transfer to the real economy play a special role in that concept. This paper presents Renewed European Agenda for Adult Learning for years 2012 -2014. It points out the areas and the role of innovative research in the development of the knowledge-based economy. The paper lays out ways to promote innovation and facilitate commercialization of scientific research and discusses the main barriers (i.e. lack of talents, insufficient protection of intellectual property rights, complex procedures, low research spending). It also presents the list of innovation and entrepreneurship hubs in Poland.
EN
The following text combines the main points and conclusions established during implementations of the two interconnected, international research projects. The first of the projects, named “TEACH”, was conducted between 2004 and 2008. Its main goal was to create a curriculum and educational model for adult educators on a national and European scale. The second project, named “QF2Teach”, was conducted between 2009 and 2011. Its main goal was to form a unified European model involving the key competences of adult educators that combined with European Qualification Framework would identify their professional qualifications more specifically.
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