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Šestifaktorový model osobnosti a psychometrické vlastnosti Revidovaného osobnostního inventáře HEXACO

100%
Záškodná T., Dostál D.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 2
31-42
EN
According to the HEXACO six-factor personality model, the personality is best described by six dimensions. These are: Honesty-humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to experience. The authors of the model – Michael C. Ashton and Kibeom Lee, refer to the possibility of a more differentiated depiction of personality structure and provide an alternative to other respected factorial models. While the sixfactor model is commonly used in Canada and in the USA, in the Czech Republic it is not. In the research, we strived to determine the basic parameters of the Czech version of the six-dimension method. Furthermore, we aimed to validate the HEXACO model structure using exploratory factor analysis. The participants consisted of 760 college students (221 males and 539 females) from more than 20 universities of the Czech Republic (e.g. Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University, Palacký University in Olomouc). The 100-item Personality Inventory HEXACOPI- R was used for measurement. It is self-report instrument that assesses the six major dimensions of personality. The internal-consistency reliabilities (Cronbach’s alpha) for the HEXACO-PI-R scales were high. The reliabilities ranged from .76 (Openness to Experience) to .88 (Extraversion) at the factor level. The 24 facet scales in the HEXACO-PI-R were submitted to a principal axis factor analysis. When these factors were rotated to a Varimax solution, a simple factor structure emerged (the sizes of the corresponding factor loading were big, ranging from .46 to .73). The mutual correlations among the six factor-level scales were low. The highest correlation (r = .28) was found between Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness. Discriminant validity was established. While the six dimensions of the HEXACO model showed high levels of the Cronbach’s alpha, some of the facet-level scales were low. Particularly the facet-levels of Openness to Experience seem a little problematic; alpha ranges from .40 (Unconventionality) to .62 (Aesthetic appreciation). But in general, Openness to Experience is the most controversial dimension in terms of the content interpretation. Ongoing work with the Czech translation of the items covered by this dimension is needed. To compare the two structures, the Czech and the original Canadian, we used the congruence calculation. It ranges from .93 (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality) to .96 (Conscientiousness). The Canadian and Czech factor structure show a high level of correspondence. Further work with the model should consider the critical comments concerning for example the inhomogeneous identification of the Honesty-Humility factor in different languages (De Raad et al., 2010). The Czech version of 100-item HEXACO-PI-R seems to be usable in our socio-culture conditions regarding its high Cronbach’s alpha, the validated six-factor model structure and the established discriminant validity.
2

PAYING ATTENTION? AN EXPERIMENT OF COGNITION AND CREATIVE POTENTIAL UNDER THE MERE PRESENCE OF A SMARTPHONE

100%
Petr K., Dostál D.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2023
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vol. 26
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issue 1
-
EN
While smartphones enhance communication and productivity, they may negatively affect mental health and cognitive performance. They can be distractive where the risk can have substantial consequences (e.g., in traffic, while working). Even when not in use, smartphones can be distracting and reduce cognitive capacity. This mere presence of smartphones has been described as having an adverse impact on social interaction and cognitive performance. Since creativity is also an increasingly important skill for finding new and useful ideas, the impact of mere presence on creative thinking should be investigated, as considerable evidence is missing. The first goal of this study is to replicate the reduction effect of the mere presence of one's smartphone on cognitive capacity and test the effect of the dependency relationship on this hypothesized reduction. The second goal is to investigate this effect on divergent thinking.
3
Content available remote

Prožívaná životní smysluplnost, všímavost a sebehodnocení v kontextu omezené zevní stimulace

81%
Malůš M., Kupka M., Dostál D.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 2
59-72
EN
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the overall context of a modified version of chamber restricted environmental stimulation (chamber REST; in a variation also known as “Darkness Therapy” - „DT“) on the meaning in life, mindfulness and self-esteem. The research sample consisted of 37 clients of the Beskydy Rehabilitation Centre in Čeladná who, based on their own decision, underwent a week-long stay under chamber REST conditions, between 15th March, 2012 and 14th November, 2013. The age ranged between 25 and 84 (M = 45.86; SD = 13.16). The sample consisted of 17 women and 20 men. The youngest woman was 25 years old and the oldest one was 71 years old. The youngest man was 25 years old and the oldest man was 84 years old. The respondents were selected by purposive voluntary sampling. Considering the education, 14 subjects completed secondary-school education, 23 of them completed university education. Considering the occupation, 3 respondents were retired, the remaining 34 were employed. All subjects, who participated in the research voluntarily and at their own expense, underwent technically the same process. It was a seven-day stay in a REST environment (absolute darkness, quiet and solitude). The participants stated and confirmed by their signature that they did not show any psychopathological reactions at that time, they did not take any psychopharmaceutical drugs and did not experience any significant physical ailments (acute illness, bleeding etc.) and they entered the experimental environment voluntarily. During the week the participants/clients were daily visited by a therapist with whom they could talk about any current issues. The duration of the interviews depended on their current needs, thirty to forty-five minutes on average. A week before the DT stay, each of the subjects filled in the following diagnostic questionnaires: Existence Scale (ES), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Three weeks after they completed the procedure they received the same measures again. The data obtained were evaluated by the SPSS software. Normal distribution of data was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. The effect of the experimental conditions was assessed by a pairedsample t-test or Wilcoxon paired-sample test. The distortion emerging as a result of multiple testing was eliminated by Bonferroni correction. Comparing the values measured prior to and after the stay in the researched modification of chamber REST environment (DT), we found a significant difference on all scales. Most of them remained significant even after applying the Bonferroni correction. Therefore, we concluded that the overall framework of the effect of the researched modification of chamber restricted environmental stimulation applied for a week has a positive influence on the respondents regarding the meaning in life (evaluated by ES), mindfulness (measured by FFMQ) and self-esteem (measured by RSES). No statistically significant differences were found as a function of gender or educational level.
4

AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF WORK: ATTACHMENT ORIENTATIONS AND EMOTION EXPRESSIONS TO WORK-RELATED FILM

51%
Seitl M., Omastová E., Sulejmanov F., Hess U., Hareli S., Dostál D., Hypšová P., Kafetsios K.
Studia Psychologica
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2023
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vol. 65
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issue 4
307 - 319
EN
The present study investigated individual differences in attachment orientation at work as they relate to workers’ facial expressions to work-related emotions. In a laboratory study, sixty employees completed the Experiences in Work Relationships-Individual scale (EWR-I), which assesses attachment-related regulation strategies at work. Participants’ facial expressions while viewing film clips from a work environment series were assessed using computerized facial analysis software. The results showed that higher avoidant attachment was associated with lower average intensity of happiness expressions. In contrast, higher anxious attachment was associated with lower average intensity of anger and fear expressions. The results of the study suggest that facial expressions in response to work-related emotion stimuli serve as behavioural indicators of emotion regulation at work and, in particular, attachment-related emotion regulation.
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