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PL
Joanna Kostecka devoted her monograph to the institutions of municipal administration – Krakow’s Boni Ordinis Commissions, conducting its activities in Krakow area in the second half of the 18th century. The Author has undertaken a difficult task of describing themulti – subjected areas: the issues connected with the town administration, numerous issues from the frontier between the history of the law and the system, the history of the economy, historical demographics and many others historical studies. Information was presented in the work largely based on source material and in a factual, comprehensive methodological and highly erudite way. However, there are some factual and methodological errors in the book, including: the lack of source literature from the last decade, inaccuracy related to extreme work dates and chronology, the omission of the judiciary of the Commission in urban matters.
PL
Epoka oświecenia w Polsce była okresem nie tylko ożywienia handlu, wprowadzenia zalążków nowej ekonomii państwa oraz reform administracji, gospodarki, ustroju i wojska, ale także próbą rewitalizacji miast, mającą na celu uporządkowanie ich praw, poprawę zarządzania, stanu, wyglądu i zagospodarowania przestrzeni miejskiej. W tym celu powoływano od 1765 r. komisje boni ordinis – dobrego porządku. In the second half of the eighteenth century in Poland an attempt at revitalization of towns and cities was made ‒ i.e. to improve their government, general state, and landscape, and better organise urban space. To this end, from 1765 on, Boni Ordinis commissions were established. The article deals with the circumstances and results of the operations of Boni Ordinis Commission at Olkusz, the town in the Palatinate of Kraków.
PL
The last thirty years of the existence of the Republic of Nobles, also called to the Stanislaus' epoch or times, was a period of cultural and economic growth that resulted from introducting a new economic policy similar to the models of modern western countries. After the economic crisis in the mid-seventeenth century, attemps were made to develop the manufacturing industry, rebuild the Olkusz mining industry, and introduce reforms of city and lokal administration in the whole Krakow voivodeship by deepening the rule of the House of Wettin in Poland. In accordance with the enlightenment reforms, new factories were oponed and attempts were made to deal with the problem of the most mobile group of "the loose people" for whom vacancies were created, among ithers, in the cloth factory. Revitalization of cites was taken up by the Krakow governors and newly established institutions, so-called Boni Ordinis Commissions which focused on creating city plans, inventories of goods of old privileges and city regulations as well as on ordering issues related to the city borders. Intermediate administration was handled by the Civil-Military Commissions of Good Order whose activity considerably resembled the administration in the western enlightenment countries.
EN
Looking after the sick, the elderly, the disabled, the poor and the homeless has been a difficult social problem to solve for ages. Since the beginning of the Middle Ages, organising charity belonged to the domain of the Church and one form of providing those who needed it with aid was through establishing institutions appointed especially for that reason: hospitals. Until the end of the 18th century in towns and since the beginning of the 20th century in rural centres the hospital did not serve as a healing centre but mainly as a place which nowadays we could call a shelter. Due to the deteriorating condition of hospital institutions in the 18th century, it was commonly realised that there was the need to get the issue of shelters in order. The first attempt to conduct a reform of hospitals was undertaken in 1775 at the partition sejm, when two hospital committees were created: the Crown and the Lithuanian one. The five‑year existence of the hospital committees would not improve the situation of shelters in the country. Eventually, they were dismissed by the decision of sejm in 1780 and the supervision over hospitals in royal towns was given to boni ordinis committees and the Department of Police. Another attempt to conduct a hospital reform was undertaken by the Great Sejm, which commissioned the supervision of hospitals and the control over funds of the pious to field administration: the civil/military law enforcement committees, which took over the duties in towns, which in that regard were commissioned to the boni ordinis committees in 1768. Those magistrates worked in all of the Commonwealth, downsized by means of the first partition, except for Gdańsk. The legal framework of the committees’ functioning in the Crown were established in the sejm constitution Komisje Porządkowe cywilno‑wojskowe województw, ziem i powiatów w Koronie. The civil/military law enforcement committees were subordinate to appropriate central institutions, the Military Committee of Both Nations or the Crown Treasury Committee, among others. In the case of Krakow voivodship two Civil/Military Committees were appointed: one for the districts of Krakow and Proszowice located in the former city, while the other for the districts of Książ and Lelów located in the latter town at first and later in Szczekociny. Both committees operated in the years 1790–1792. Initially, the new institutions ordered the hospital managers to send the descriptions of their facilities, including the list of funds and donors, as well as information on the facility managers themselves. Then, the commissioners conducted hospital visitations themselves. In the documentation of the institutes information on pious funds were noted down (what it was written on, under whose management), incomes (from villages, cultivated fields, gardens, meadows, propinations, lists of donors), expenses, renovations, debts, the number of the poor and the physical state of the hospital building (wooden, mortared, number of floors and rooms).
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