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1

Misplaced Criticism

100%

Heller M.

Filozofia Nauki

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2005

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vol. 13

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issue 2

129-135

PL

The paper contains a comment on the criticism of the author's book Początek jest wszędzie (Prószynski i S-ka, 2002) by Marek Lagosz ("Przegląd Filozoficzny - Nowa Seria, 14, 2005, 121-133). The comment focuses on the following issues: (1) the conception of philosophy of physics; (2) some methodological questions, especially the role of models in physics; (3) some explanations concerning the model proposed by the present author and his coworkers. A few "ideological remarks" are also made.

2

Matematyka i kosmologia

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2012

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issue 50

63-74

PL

The mathematical and cosmological works of a group associated with the Copernicus Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Cracow are summarized. The group consists mainly of M. Heller, L. Pysiak, W. Sasin, Z. Odrzygóźdź and J. Gruszczak. The first paper by members of the group was published in 1988, and research has been continued to the present day. The main mathematical tool used in the first part of the group’s activity was the theory of differential spaces and, in the second, methods of noncommutative geometry. Among the main topics investigated have been classical singularities in relativistic cosmology and the unification of general relativity with quantum mechanics.

3

Category Theory, Logic, and Philosophy

100%

Heller M.

Filozofia Nauki

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2016

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vol. 24

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issue 2

5-15

PL

At least since Aristotle, logic was considered to be a tool (organon) in the service of philosophy. It was not until the 19th century that logic started to create its own field of research and be ready for unexpected applications. However, it is category theory that has drastically changed the entire perspective: in this theory logic is no longer a tool that can be applied to a given structure (be it a mathematical model or a physical theory), but rather it is its part or an aspect. Moreover, a given category itself determines the kind of logic that corresponds to its inner structure. The paper briefly recalls those aspects of category theory which are relevant to this set of problems and discusses the consequences of this new approach for philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of physics. Category theory also sheds light on the mutual relations between logic and philosophy in general. The possibility that it is not necessarily classical logic that should be applied to some fundamental problems of metaphysics motivates a more "apophatic" approach to philosophy.

4

Cud rozumienia

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2011

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vol. 47

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issue 4(190)

451-455

EN

A proposal is put forward to extend Quine’s criterion of existence (a theory is committed to the existence of bound variables) to mathematical structures. In the spirit of this criterion every mathematical structure can be regarded as a world in which only those entities exist that are necessary for the meaning of the structure. Some of mathematical worlds are used by physicist to model the real world. In such a case, ontology of a given mathematical world is transferred to the physical world or, more prosaically, some mathematical structures are interpreted as structures of the physical world. The miracle of understanding consists in the miracle of this interpretation.

5

Pascal - uczony niekonwencjonalny

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 36

156-159

PL

Recenzja książki: William R. Shea, Designing Experiments and Games of Chance - The Unconvecional Science of Blaise Pascal, Science History Publication / USA, Watson Publishing International, Canton MA, 2003, ss. XII 4- 354.

6

Matematyka dwudziestego wieku

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

|

2005

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issue 36

154-156

PL

Recenzja książki: Piergiorgio Odifreddi, La matematica del Novecento, Einaudi, Torino 2000, ss. 193.

7

Jeszcze jeden spór o istnienie

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 36

140-148

PL

Recenzja książki: Krzysztof Wójtowicz, Spór o istnienie w matematyce, Wyd. Naukowe Semper, Warszawa 2003, ss. 506. Recenzja książki: Krzysztof Wójtowicz, Spór o istnienie w matematyce, Wyd. Naukowe Semper, Warszawa 2003, ss. 506.

8

Filozofia przyrody Władysława Heinricha

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 36

31-44

PL

At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, Wladyslaw Heinrich introduced a new style of philosophizing in the Cracow rather traditional philosophical milieu. His way of presenting philosophical ideas in a strict contact with empirical sciences arose great interest and found several talented followers. In the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow the manuscript is preserved bearing the title 'Theory of Cognition'; it was written by Heinrich in 1912. The author presents and critically assesses his 'philosophy of nature' as it can be reconstructed from the above mentioned manuscript.

9

Matematyczność świata i matematyczność mózgu

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

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issue 54

287-293

PL

Recenzja książki: Bartosz Brożek, Mateusz Hohol, Umysł matematyczny, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2014, s. 280.

10

Wyzwanie dla racjonalności: Leibniz i początek ery Newtona

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2016

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issue 61

5-22

PL

Our present knowledge in the field of dynamical systems, information theory, probability theory and other similar domains indicates that the human brain is a complex dynamical system working in a strong chaotic regime in which random processes play important roles. In this environment our mental life develops. To choose a logically ordered sequence from a random or almost random stream of thoughts is a difficult and energy consuming task. The only domain in which we are able to do this with a full success is mathematics. Leibniz’s life ambition was to extend this success, with the help of what he called characteristica universalis, to other areas of human activity. The belief that this is possible lies at the basis of Leibniz’s rationalist system. Reasoning within his system, Leibniz claimed that also fundamental laws of physics can be deduced from the “first principles”. Just as linguistic or conceptual units are at the basis of the charactersistica universalis, his monads are responsible for physical activity of material bodies. When this rationalistic strategy is applied to the philosophy of space and time, it leads to their radically relational conception. Leibniz’s rationalistic approach to philosophy and science arouses out sympathy but it was Newton’s mathematical-empirical method that turned out to be effective in human endeavour to understand the functioning of the physical world. Successes of the Newtonian method compel us to revise our concept of rationality.

11

Karta z historii kosmologii

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2011

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issue 49

194-196

PL

Recenzja książki: Simon Mitton, Fred Hoyle. A Life in Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2011, ss. XI + 369.

12

Kosmologia wczoraj i dziś - przeżywanie kawałka historii

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

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issue 46

92-99

PL

Short recollections of an author who with his own eyes witnessed the development of cosmology from purely theoretical speculations to the mature experimental science.

13

40 lat ZFN – sprężystość młodości i doświadczenie wieku

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

|

2019

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issue 66

9-11

EN

Various anniversaries encourage historical reflection. Although 40th anniversary is not a common reason for excessive celebration, in the case of a scientific journal, however, it is already long enough that it deserves a brief moment of thought.

PL

Różne rocznice skłaniają do historycznych refleksji. Wprawdzie czterdzieści lat od jakiegoś wydarzenia nie zwykło się specjalnie świętować, ale w przypadku naukowego czasopisma jest to już na tyle długi okres, że warto mu poświęcić chwilę zamyślenia.

14

How is philosophy in science possible?

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2019

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issue 66

231-249

EN

The Michael Heller’s article entitled “How is philosophy in science possible?” was originally published in Polish in 1986 (see Heller, 1986) and then translated into English by Bartosz Brożek and Aeddan Shaw and published in 2011 in the collection of essays entitled Philosophy in Science. Methods and Applications (Heller, 2011). This seminal paper has founded further growth of the ‘philosophy in science’ and become the reference point in the methodological discussions, especially in Poland. On the 40th anniversary of Philosophical Problems in Science we wanted to make this paper freely available to the international public by reprinting its English version. In this issue it is followed by two additional articles-commentaries (by Paweł Polak and Kamil Trombik).

15

Co to jest cząstka elementarna?

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2008

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issue 42

185-190

PL

Recenzja książki: Gordon McCabe, The Structure and Interpretation of the Standard Model, Elsevier, Amsterdam - Oxford, etc. 2007, ss. XI+251.

16

Stworzenie świata według Leibniza

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2008

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issue 42

3-14

PL

Leibniz's idea of creation is best epitomized by a note written by him on the margin of his work entitled 'Dialogus'. The note reads:'When God thinks things through and calculates, the world is made'. Simple calculations are almost mechanical. The true mathematical thinking begins when one is confronted with a problem that has to be solved, when starting from the known mathematical structure one has to construct a new structure, to comprehend its intricacies, the ways of its functioning, and its connections with other mathematical structures. And when one successfully applies the new mathematical structure to a physical theory, the new world is made. This was Leibniz's experience when he was discovering calculus and tried to apply it to mechanical problems. Leibniz's doctrine that our world is the best of all possible words is often ridiculed, but this attitude is the result of a very superficial reading of Leibniz's texts. In fact, God's calculations to choose the best possible world are similar to solving the variational problem in mathematics. Leibniz claims that in mathematical reasoning if there is neither 'maximum' nor 'minimum' nothing can happen. Similarly, if there were no world better that other possible worlds, God's wisdom would have not been able to create anything. Some consequences of this doctrine, concerning the nature of space, time and causality, are also considered.

17

Kłopoty z wieloświatem

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2008

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issue 42

190-193

PL

Recenzja książki: Universe or Multiverse?, red. Bernard Carr, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, ss. XVI+517.

18

Kosmologia - teologia

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 37

182-184

PL

Recenzja książki: Helge Kragh, Matter and Spirit in the Universe. Scientific and Religious Preludes to Modern Cosmology, Imperial College Press, Lopndon 2004, ss. 298.

19

Zagadnienia kosmologiczne przed Einsteinem

100%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

|

2005

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issue 37

32-40

PL

Einstein's first cosmological work, published in 1917, marked the beginning of relativistic cosmology, but it was well founded on earlier questions concerning the world as a whole. The paper presents three such topics: the Olbers paradox, the Seeliger paradox, and speculations concerning cosmological consequences of thermodynamics together with some of their repercussions in relativistic cosmology.

20

Limits of Space, Time and Probability

100%

Heller M.

Filozofia Nauki

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2008

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vol. 16

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issue 3-4

7-17

PL

Space, time and probabilities not only form the arena of many physical theories, but also the arena of our everyday life. Therefore, the problem of their ontological status becomes even more interesting. It seems that this problem cannot be solved before we have the final physical theory ("theory of everything"). However, various methods of looking for such a theory lead to converging results, and are able to elucidate the problem in question. We analyze noncommutative algebraic methods, and show that, when applied to model the fundamental level, they suggest a nonlocal regime in which there is no space and no time, in their usual sense, and which is essentially probabilistic (in a generalized sense). In the noncommutative approach there are many probabilistic measures (not just one "probability" as in macroscopic physics), and none of them seems to be distinguished in any way. The tentative conclusion is that space, time and probability are not "absolute categories", but rather aspects of the world structure emergent from the fundamental level. One should expect that the ultimate theory will be well off our traditional philosophical categories. This shows that our mind has a peculiar property allowing it to reach far beyond its usual limitations.

Refine search results

Misplaced Criticism

Matematyka i kosmologia

Category Theory, Logic, and Philosophy

Cud rozumienia

Pascal - uczony niekonwencjonalny

Matematyka dwudziestego wieku

Jeszcze jeden spór o istnienie

Filozofia przyrody Władysława Heinricha

Matematyczność świata i matematyczność mózgu

Wyzwanie dla racjonalności: Leibniz i początek ery Newtona

Karta z historii kosmologii

Kosmologia wczoraj i dziś - przeżywanie kawałka historii

40 lat ZFN – sprężystość młodości i doświadczenie wieku

How is philosophy in science possible?

Co to jest cząstka elementarna?

Stworzenie świata według Leibniza

Kłopoty z wieloświatem

Kosmologia - teologia

Zagadnienia kosmologiczne przed Einsteinem

Limits of Space, Time and Probability