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Promoting local food systems through public procurement in the European Union

100%

Muñoz Gómez M. J.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

2023

issue 2(33)

143-157

Artykuł omawia wykorzystanie strategicznych zamówień publicznych do promowania lokalnych systemów żywnościowych. Postawiono pytanie, czy zasady prawa konkurencji regulujące jednolity rynek UE i w pełni stosowane w ramach zamówień publicznych są w konfrontacji z promocją lokalnych systemów żywnościowych. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że lokalne systemy żywnościowe mogą być ważną klauzulą strategiczną zawartą w procedurach zamówień publicznych, ponieważ wzmacniają różne, społeczne i środowiskowe, ogólne interesy, które zapewniają dobrobyt konsumentów, poprawiając konkurencję. Lokalna klauzula żywnościowa powinna być zdefiniowana w procedurach zamówień publicznych bez odniesienia do konkretnego obszaru administracyjnego, krajowego lub regionalnego, być proporcjonalna i odpowiednia do zapewnienia osiągnięcia celów interesu ogólnego.

El artículo analiza el uso de la contratación pública estratégica para promover los sistemas alimentarios locales. La cuestión que se plantea es si los principios del Derecho de la competencia que regulan el mercado único de la UE, y que se aplican plenamente en el marco de la contratación pública, entran en confrontación con la promoción de los sistemas alimentarios locales. El análisis realizado ha demostrado que los sistemas alimentarios locales pueden ser una cláusula estratégica válida incluida en los procedimientos de contratación pública, ya que amparan diversos intereses generales, sociales y medioambientales, que proporcionan bienestar al consumidor, mejorando así la competencia. La cláusula local alimentaria debe definirse en los procedimientos de contratación pública sin referencia a un territorio administrativo específico, ya sea nacional o regional, y también debe ser proporcional y adecuada para garantizar la consecución de los objetivos interés general perseguidos.

An attempt is made in this article to determine the possible role of strategic public procurement in the promotion of local food systems. The question asked is whether the principles of competition law that regulates the EU’s single market, fully applied in the framework of public procurement, stand in confrontation with the promotion of local food systems. It has been shown that local food systems can be a valid strategical clause included in public procurement procedures, as they enhance various social and environmental general interests that provide consumer’s welfare by improving competition. The local food clause should be defined in the public procurement procedures without reference to a specific administrative territory, whether national or regional and be proportional and suitable to secure the attainment of the general interests’ objectives.

Local food systems in public procurement. A comparative law analysis in four European Union Member States

63%

Kapała A., Muñoz Gómez M. J.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

2024

issue 1(34)

115-128

L’articolo si propone di determinare se e in quale misura alcuni Paesi dell’UE scelti – Italia, Francia, Spagna e Polonia – abbiano adottato strumenti giuridici per promuovere i sistemi alimentari locali negli appalti pubblici, e in particolare se hanno previsto un criterio di radicamento del cibo oppure una clausola sulla natura locale del cibo che favorisca gli alimenti geograficamente più vicini negli appalti pubblici. Dalle considerazioni svolte emerge che sia la legislazione italiana, francese che quella spagnola, anche se non in ugual misura in ognuno di questi Stati membri, abbia previsto una clausola sulla natura locale del cibo: in Italia e Spagna - grazie a normative regionali che prevedono tale clausola in modo esplicito, in Francia – istituzionalizzando i Progetti Alimentari Territoriali. I criteri per l’approvvigionamento diretto e perfino dei prodotti “locali” sono anche inclusi nelle normative sull’alimentazione scolastica di questi Paesi. In Polonia, invece, sia la legge sugli appalti pubblici che la normativa sui pasti scolastici non favorisce i sistemi alimentari locali in quanto fa completamente a meno dei criteri relativi alle caratteristiche quali l’origine e la modalità di consegna dei prodotti.

The aim of the considerations is to determine whether and to what extent selected EU Member States – Italy, France, Spain and Poland – have applied legal instruments to promote local food systems through public procurement, and in particular, whether they have provided for the food rooting criterion, or the localism food clause which favours food which is geographically closer, to be applied in the public procurement process. The conducted considerations show that both Italian, French and Spanish legislations have incorporated the localism food clause, though differently in each Member State: in Italy and Spain through regional regulations that explicitly contain such a clause, in France – through the institutionalisation of the Territorial Food Projects. Direct delivery, or even “local” products criteria are also included in the school food regulations of these countries. In Poland, on the contrary, neither the public procurement law nor food school regulations favour local food systems, as they completely ignore the criteria relating to the characteristics of the products related to their origin or delivery method.

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2 Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

2 Muñoz Gómez M. J.

1 Kapała A.

1 2024

1 2023

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Promoting local food systems through public procurement in the European Union

Local food systems in public procurement. A comparative law analysis in four European Union Member States