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Sprawiedliwość w ubezpieczeniu emerytalnym. Aspekty międzypokoleniowe oraz ekonomiczne

100%
Pacud R.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius)
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2
EN
Different concepts of justice in pension insurance are discussed in this article. It indicates that a given formula of justice must be adopted in any legal system and may be changed if the political and economic powers change. In this context it is viewed that the 1999 pension reform in Poland was conducted with social approval because the economic stability of pension system and pension rights in particular were endangered. That provoked change of the justice formula for young generations, whose legal consequences can be seen only nowadays. Justice that had been established “according to contribution of work” and “according to needs” was replaced by justice “according to contribution”. After years it has resulted in huge differences among generations regarding their social situation. As the pension system will get more and more unsustainable, it is necessary to make the choice which solution is just: to implement some burdens that are financed by the generation of current pensioners or to increase the pay-roll taxes or taxes.
PL
W artykule rozpatrzono różne formuły sprawiedliwości w ubezpieczeniu emerytalnym. Opracowanie dowodzi, że dane formuła sprawiedliwości, realizowana przez system prawny, może podlegać zmianom wraz ze zmianami układu sił ekonomicznych i politycznych. W tym kontekście przedstawiono, że reforma emerytalna z 1999 roku została przeprowadzona z aprobatą społeczną, gdyż ekonomiczna stabilność systemu, a zwłaszcza nabytych praw emerytalnych, nie została zagrożona. Osiągnięto to przez zmiany zasady obliczania emerytur dla młodszych pokoleń, a prawne konsekwencje tych zmian mogą być widoczne dopiero w okresie współczesnym. Sprawiedliwość, którą stanowiono w formule „każdemu według wkładu pracy” oraz „każdemu według potrzeb”, jest obecnie realizowana w formule „każdemu według składki (wkładu składek)”. Po latach skutkuje to dużymi różnicami w sytuacji socjalnej młodszego i starszego pokolenia. Z czasem, gdy system emerytalny będzie coraz mniej wydolny, trzeba będzie dokonać wyboru, jakie inne zmiany są niezbędne, aby prawo emerytalne pozostawało sprawiedliwe dla wszystkich  – zmniejszyć korzyści osiągane przez generację  emerytów (ewentualnie wprowadzić dla nich dodatkowe) czy zwiększyć wielkość składek lub podatków.
2
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Przedmiot prawa ubezpieczeń społecznych

100%
Pacud R.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2018
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vol. 16
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issue 3
21-33
PL
The subject of social insurance law has a thematic scope, which can be variously defined and thus not uniformly used in jurisprudence. The subject of social insurance law should be distinguished from the subject of social insurance. In the definition of the subject of social insurance law, the role of contributions that distinguish insurance systems from social security systems needs to be taken into account. Apart from the contributions, the number of subjects in the social insurance law equates with the number of legally defined benefits. The thematic scope of the subject of social insurance law should be determined according to the catalog of social risks secured by social insurance law. While noting the subject of insurance law in the context of diversified rights of certain categories of entities, the subject of social insurance law should be combined with the subject of abstractive legal relations in the field of social insurance. Therefore, the subject of social insurance law is the corresponding contributory obligation and protection obligations in the scope of social risk defined by this branch of law.
3
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Rolnicze ubezpieczenie emerytalne wobec zmian pokoleniowych w rolnictwie

63%
Pacud R., Król-Nowinski J.
Studia BAS
|
2023
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issue 3(75)
79-96
EN
The subject of the article is pension insurance as an instrument of social security policy through which the state can influence agricultural activity. The choice of the topic is related to the generational changes in agriculture, as well as the change in legal regulations regarding the cessation of agricultural activity as one of the conditions for obtaining a full pension. The aim of the research was to determine the economic effects of the legal regulation of agricultural pension insurance and to discuss the necessary directions of changes. The work in particular shows the possibilities of implementing the restructuring function aimed at shaping the generational structure of Polish agriculture and the development of the economic base of farmers’ social insurance in the future. The introduced solution does not improve the financial situation of the pension fund, both on the expenditure side, due to the increase in the payment of agricultural pensions to farmers conducting agricultural activity, and on the income side, due to the reduction of access of new people to agricultural activity.
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