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EN
The active and direct participation of the state in the process of education was a very important and significant element that put the position of the main ideological-political formations in the interwar period in opposition to concepts constructed at the turn of the twentieth century. At the time of regaining independence, the state could be considered as one of the main subjects that were import_ant for rebuilding the awareness and collective identity of Polish people’s citizenship. Therefore, this text deals with the school and the army – institutions of educational influence during the Second Polish Republic – as the subjects of educational influence.
EN
ONE OF THE LEADING political groups in the Second Polish Republic, the National Camp, showed great interest in the problem of mutual relations between Poland and Lithuania. The National Democracy thought that the project of creating a common Polish-Lithuanian country meant the failure of the national programme. „Żeligowski’s rebellion” and the creation of Central Lithuania on October 12, 1920, were evaluated negatively. The National Democracy was standing against the federal plans of Józef Piłsudski but it made an exception for the Lithuanian case. The National Camp was of the opinion that the traditional union between Poland and Lithuania should be rebuilt but only in the context of the incorporation of the area of Vilnius into Poland and the acknowledgement of the Polish character of Vilnius.
PL
W twórczości naukowej Profesora Romana Wapińskiego (1931–2008) poczesne miejsce zajmowała biografistyka historyczna. W tym nurcie Jego pisarstwa mieszczą się m.in. biografie trzech ważnych postaci polskiej sceny politycznej pierwszej połowy XX stulecia: Władysława Eugeniusza Sikorskiego, Romana Dmowskiego, Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego, liczne biogramy umieszczone na łamach Polskiego Słownika Biograficznego, monografie poświęcone świadomości politycznej i generacjom pokoleniowym w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej, politykom polskiej sceny politycznej XX wieku. Analiza treści poniższego artykułu sprowadza się do konstatacji przyjmującej formułę głównej tezy badawczej (identyfikuje się z nią Roman Wapiński), że walory poznawcze tego gatunku pisarstwa historycznego wymagają dalszych badań naukowych, idą w parze z uznaniem: „jego obywatelstwa, wraz z dostrzeganiem przydatności niektórych jego odmian dla badań zachowań i losów większych zbiorowości […], poza tym, nie tak chyba rzadko jest to jedyna droga do powszechniejszej edukacji historycznej”. Artykuł powstał na podstawie wyselekcjonowanej literatury przedmiotu. Specyfika omawianego zagadnienia oraz artykulacja problemu badawczego w naturalny sposób rzutowała na dobór i charakter zastosowanych metod badawczych. W tekście posłużono się elementami metody analizy dyskursu, analizy tekstu, historycznej, diachronicznej. Z zastosowanych technik badawczych najbardziej przydatna okazała się analiza świadectw myśli politycznej, której istotą jest wnioskowanie na podstawie zgromadzonych i odnoszących się do podjętej problematyki badawczej materiałów źródłowych.
EN
In the scientific work of Professor Roman Wapiński (1931–2008), a prominent place was occupied by historical biography. This stream of his writing includes among others biographies of three important figures of the Polish political scene in the first half of the twentieth century: Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski, Roman Dmowski, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, numerous biographical notes published in the Polish Biographical Dictionary, monographs devoted to political awareness and generational groups in the Second Polish Republic, politicians of the Polish political scene in the twentieth century. The analysis of the content of the following article boils down to the statement, which takes the form of the main research thesis (Roman Wapiński identifies with it), that the cognitive values of this genre of historical writing require further scientific research, and go hand in hand with the recognition of: “its citizenship, together with the recognition of the usefulness of some of its varieties for studying the behaviour and fates of larger communities […], besides, it is probably not so rare that this is the only way to more widespread historical education”. The article is based on selected literature on the subject. The specificity of the issue in question and the articulation of the research problem naturally influenced the selection and nature of the research methods applied. The text uses elements of discourse analysis, text analysis, historical and diachronic methods. From among the applied research techniques, the most useful turned out to be the analysis of the testimonies of political thought, the essence of which is to draw conclusions on the basis of source materials collected and relating to the undertaken research problem.
EN
Biographical research is alive and present continuously for many years in our socio-political literature. To a large extent it is determined by the fact that issues of individual stories and the formation of the outstanding personalities of people that deserve a factual description of their lives constantly intrigue the researchers. What also seems to be important is the continuous popularity of this literary genre to a wide range of readers. Tracking and recording subsequent stages of individuals’ intellectual development, observation of their actions and the consequences of their public activities usually comprise an interesting experiment which also allows to verify the magnitude of a described hero.
EN
An in-depth analysis presented in this article concludes that the views and socio-political activities of Wacław Komarnicki were aimed at reasserting the Polish national interest and realizing the idea of the state of law associated with the rule of law. The analysis is based on archival and printed sources and selected literature on the subject. It required the use of appropriate research methods. The biographical method, in conjunction with the content analysis method, proved to be most helpful. Among the research techniques, the analysis of testimonies of political thought proved to be particularly useful.
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