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EN
The article presents commemorative works of public art in Coventry, dedicated to the civilian victims of the Second World War killed in aerial bombings carried out by the German air force, the Luftwaffe. Coventry, an important industrial city in the West Midlands, was largely destroyed in a devastating Blitz carpet bombing carried out on the night of 14/15 November 1940, during which the medieval Cathedral of St Michael was burned to the ground. The first part of the text is focused on the formation within its ruins of an open sacral plane, and on the works of contemporary art which were placed there between the years 1946–2012. This is followed, in the second part, by a presentation of an unusual installation, composed from free-standing corten steel walls, commemorating people who through the centuries lived on one street, Bayley Lane, which was completely destroyed in the November Blitz. Consecutively, the urban design and selected works of public art brought into the city centre in the XXI century have been considered, and the two works: „Future Monument” and „Public Bench” of the German artist Jochen Gerz scrutinised in detail. Gerz’s works were made in collaboration with the general public, and exemplify in this paper one of the strands of public art, designed and produced by artists in close consultation with members of their prospective mass audience.
EN
The article briey describes e Memorial Route to the Struggle and Martyrdom of the Polish Jews 1940–1943 in Warsaw and, a¢er a short presentation of the life and political activities of Szmul Zygielbojm, provides a more detailed account of a memorial place dedicated to him. Situated in the Warsaw district of Muranów by, and partially on, the building at Lewartowskiego 6, it is made up of three components. The first of them, which arrived here as part of e Memorial Route, is a block made of dark grey Polish syenite stone with an inscription in Polish and English that reads: „Szmul Zygielbojm (1895–1945), Bund representative on the National Council of the Polish Government-in-Exile in London. Committed suicide on May 12, 1943, in protest against the passivity of the Allied Governments confronted with the massive destruction of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto”. The second component – a shattered square stone tablet, measuring 2 × 2 metres, symbolising violence and destruction, is placed on the ground, and carries no words. e third – artistically most challenging – is a wall relief measuring 7 × 4 metres, executed in Swedish black granite, positioned on the front wall of the building. It contains the shadows of victims, and stylised ames, while its highly polished surface takes on the reections of passers-by, cars, trees and the facades of neighbouring houses. e tragic past and the present daily life of Warsaw meet here in an unsettling and memorable way. A poignant inscription, in Polish and Yiddish, carries only one sentence from Zygielbojm’s last letter: „I cannot be silent and cannot live while the remnants of the Jewish people perish in Poland”.
EN
The article outlines briefly the circumstances and phases of the extermination of the Roma population of Europe carried out by occupying German forces in Polish territories in the years 1941–1945. It opens with a description of the notorious Gypsy Family Camp in Auschwitz-Birkenau, followed by an account of the incarceration of Gypsies in the Łódź Ghetto, and a presentation of selected execution sites of Polish Gypsies scattered across the country. e descriptions and analyses of monuments commemorating the victims are based on the author’s examination of all the works in situ and on interviews with the artists.
EN
The paper opens with a brief description of signicant events in the life of Alexander Paul Klecki (1927–2014) – architect, sculptor, graphic artist, and also creator of murals and stained glass windows, who came to England in 1948 and lived there until the end of his life. His diversied contribution to the material and artistic culture of Great Britain is only briey noted, while a fuller presentation is provided of three stained glass windows installed in the Church of Our Lady Immaculate and St Philip Neri in Uckeld, in the county of East Sussex. e description is focused on the artist’s unusual colour schemes, symbolic use of brilliant colours and geommetrisation of the human form. These are prominent in the powerful portrayal of Mary as the suvering Mother of the crucied Son of God, and as patron of all people praying for her help. e presence within Klecki’s „English” works of Polish martyrological motifs, such as deportations to Siberia and the massacre of Polish army officers at Katyn during the Second World War, is also acknowledged. These motifs were of crucial importance to Klecki’s artistic activities, and earned him the name of „Sculptor of national memory” within Polish communities in Great Britain.
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EN
The article presents selected monuments from Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia commemorating the Roma People of Europe exterminated during the Second World War. These monuments are located mostly on the sites of former concentrations camps for Gypsies, where they were killed or from which they were deported to death camps established by the German authorities in occupied Poland. It is based on material gained by the author through interviewing their makers and patrons, and contains descriptions and analysis of the works derived from numerous viewings in situ. The article is linked to an extensive research project focused on diverse works of art in open spaces of Europe commemorating civilian victims of the Nazi regime in the years 1939–1945.
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