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Sprawność fizyczna a występowanie zespołu słabości u osób w wieku starszym

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Malinowska-Lipień I., Bajorek A., Gabryś T.
Sztuka Leczenia
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 2
29-42
EN
Introduction. Frailty resulting from the reduced effi ciency of physiological systems, ischaracterized by reduced functional reserve and lack of resistance to stressors in thebody of the elderly.Aim. Analysis and assessment of the relationship between physical fi tness of olderpeople and the potential occurrence of frailty.Study group and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 104 patients aged60–101 years. Physical fi tness was assessed by measuring the criteria of the frailty, i.e.weakening of muscle strength (in relation to BMI and sex of the subjects), slowed gait,unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, reduced physical activity. In assessing muscularstrength, the following measures were used: maximum handshake and body massindex (BMI).Results. Following the progress of ageing the percentage of people physically fi t decreases and the percentage of disabled people evidently increases. The percentageof physically disabled people is the highest (39%) among men whereas it is the percentage of physically weakened people (51%) that occurs among women. 26 people(25%) were not-frail in the group of the weakened and disabled physically, 23 people(22.12%) were pre-frail and 37 people (35.58%) were frail.Conclusions. The higher frequency of frailty in older people is connected with females and with the institutionalized. There is a close connection between the darkening of one’s mood or depression and the loss of physical fi tness in old age. The loss ofphysical fi tness may be a warning sign of the progress of frailty.
PL
Wstęp. Zespół słabości, wynikający z obniżonej wydolności układów fi zjologicznych, charakteryzuje się zmniejszoną rezerwą czynnościową i brakiem odporności na czynniki stresogenne w organizmie osób starszych. Cel pracy. Analiza oraz ocena związku sprawności fi zycznej osób w wieku starszym z potencjalnym wystąpieniem zespołu słabości. Grupa badana i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 104 pacjentów w wieku 60–101 lat. Sprawność fi zyczną oceniono, dokonując pomiarów kryteriów zespołu słabości, tj.: osłabienie siły mięśniowej (w odniesieniu do BMI i płci badanych osób), spowolnienie chodu, niezamierzone zmniejszenie masy ciała, wyczerpanie, obniżona aktywność fi zyczna. W ocenie siły mięśniowej posłużono się: pomiarem siły maksymalnego uścisku dłoni oraz wskaźnikiem masy ciała (BMI). Wyniki badań. Wraz z wiekiem maleje udział procentowy osób sprawnych fi zycznie, a wyraźnie rośnie udział procentowy osób niesprawnych. Wśród mężczyzn największy jest udział procentowy osób niesprawnych fi zycznie (39%), a u kobiet – osób osłabionych fi zycznie (51%). W grupie osób osłabionych i niesprawnych fi zycznie – u 26 (25%) nie wykazano zespołu słabości (not-frail), u 23 osób (22,12%) stwierdzono stan przed wystąpieniem zespołu słabości (pre-frail), u 37 (35,58%) stwierdzono zaś wystąpienie zespołu słabości (frail).
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Polska pielęgniarka w czasie pandemii zakażeń SARS-CoV-2 – różne perspektywy wykonywania zawodu

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Gniadek A., Nawara W., Padykuła M., Malinowska-Lipień I.
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
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2020
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vol. 18
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issue 2
149-154
EN
A nurse as well as a midwife belong to independent professions which inherently involve performing numerous tasks and functions in various areas and in various positions, which simultaneously requires from these professions respecting the rules of law. In health-threatening conditions, for example during a pandemic, especially when all social groups are exposed to danger and when danger arises unexpectedly, nurses become an important link in the process of providing health security to everybody who needs it. In such situations nurses are obliged to perform their professional duties as well as possible and, at the same time, they have to tackle numerous family responsibilities. No matter if they take direct care of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus or those possibly suffering from COVID-19, work as university lecturers teaching prospective nurses or hold managerial positions, they always face professional difficulties and dilemmas or even real dangers. Although the challenges which nurses face during the pandemic tend to change week by week, nurses, with time, learn to respond to them for the sake of other people’s welfare.
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Projekt HCEU wsparciem dla przejrzystości i uznawania kwalifikacji w sektorze opieki zdrowotnej w Europie

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Płaszewska-Żywko L., Gabryś T., Malinowska-Lipień I., Kózka M.
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
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2018
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vol. 16
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issue 2
79-85
EN
The HealthCareEurope (HCEU) project funded by the European Commission (co-funded by Erasmus +) implemented from September 2015 to August 2018 involved 10 institutions from five European countries. The leader of the project was DEKRA Akademie GmbH (DE). The aim of the project was to develop tools to facilitate the transparency and recognition of migrant workers’ qualifications within the health care sector in Europe. As a part of the project, the Competence Matrix – Nursing was developed with additional tools to facilitate their transfer to European countries and combined with the Competence Matrix – Elderly Care creating the “Competence Matrix – Professional Care”. In the matrix the VQTS model was used, based on professional tasks in a specific area of work, progress of competence development and competence profiles. The results of the project could facilitate the nurses and elderly caregivers to move freely around the European labor market in terms of their qualifications. In the current process of qualifications recognition – diplomas/certificates confirming formal qualifications have been taken into account, but not qualifications obtained in non-formal and informal learning. The developed Competence Matrix – Professional Care complements these elements.
4
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Nurses’ intention to leave their jobs in relation to work environment factors in Polish hospitals: Cross-sectional study

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Malinowska-Lipień I., Gabryś T., Kózka M., Gniadek A., Brzostek T.
Medycyna Pracy
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2023
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vol. 74
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issue 5
377-387
EN
Background The lack of nursing staff is a current problem not only in Poland, but also in the world. The decision of nurses to leave the workplace, apart from the financial aspect, often results from unfavourable working conditions related to the work environment. Material and Methods The study was multicentre, cross-sectional. The study was conducted among a group of 1509 nurses employed in surgical and internal medicine wards in 21 hospitals in Poland. The key variables of the study were: the intention of the nurses to leave their jobs, the nurses’ working environment, the level of satisfaction, the level of occupational burnout and the number of patients cared for on the last shift, the number of nurses on the last shift. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire were used in the research. Results Almost half of the surveyed nurses (48.84%) declared their willingness to leave their current workplace. The statistical analysis showed that nurses declaring their willingness to quit their job in the hospital where they were employed were significantly younger (42.88 vs. 45.04, p = 0.000), had shorter total length of service overall (19.96 vs. 23.20), and also in the hospital where they were employed (15.86 vs. 18.50, p = 0.000). The increase in the number of patients by one was significantly associated with a 1% increase in the risk of leaving work (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02). An increase in emotional exhaustion significantly increased the risk of leaving work by 2% (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.03). Conclusions Younger age of nurses, greater workload resulting from more patients and occupational burnout – emotional exhaustion is correlated with the risk of leaving work in the hospital. A lower risk of leaving the job is associated with a higher level of job satisfaction in the hospital, salary and promotion opportunities.
5
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Podwójna praktyka pielęgniarek w Polsce na tle aktualnych zasobów kadrowych

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Malinowska-Lipień I., Gabryś T., Kózka M., Gniadek A., Wadas T., Ozga E., Brzostek T.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 2
113-121
EN
Background: Employment of health care workers simultaneously in 2 workplaces (the so called dual practice) is a common phenomenon in almost every country. In Poland, a possibility of employment in 2 or more workplaces arose with the socio-political changes and the reform of the health care system. In Poland, the scale of the phenomenon, as well as its motifs and potential effects influencing both employees and the whole health care system, are still not known despite numerous studies being conducted to that end. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 1023 nurses (males and females) employed in public and non-public health care facilities in the territory of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The research tool was the authors’ poll questionnaire. In the statistical elaboration, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and the χ2 independence test were used. For all the analyses, the maximum permissible error of type I, α = 0.05, was accepted, and p ≤ 0.05 was recognized as statistically significant. Results: Work experience of the nurses studied ranged 1–43 years, on average it was 23.1 years (SD = 11.1). Persons aged >40 years accounted for 77.5% (N = 793), out of whom 38.2% (N = 391) were aged 41–years and 39.3% (N = 402) >50 years. In the study group, 450 (44%) people were employed in 2 workplaces, out of whom 93.5% in the nurse position, working >160 h/month (39%). A decisive reason to take up an additional job (93.3% of the study group) were financial matters. Conclusions: Financial matters are the main reason for which almost half of the studied nurses undertake additional employment, in the scope twice as high as the work load. Research suggests the need to verify the Central Registry of Nurses and Midwives in order to precisely estimate the number of dual practice positions and the number of persons employed as nurses not only in the south of Poland but also in whole country. The results point to the necessity of further research concerning both the reasons for and consequences of dual practice for nurses, and the impact of this phenomenon on the quality of care and patient safety.
PL
Wstęp: Zatrudnienie pracowników sektora opieki zdrowotnej równolegle w 2 miejscach pracy (tzw. podwójna praktyka) jest powszechnym zjawiskiem niemal we wszystkich krajach. W Polsce możliwość zatrudnienia w ≥2 miejscach pracy pojawiła się wraz ze zmianami polityczno-społecznymi i reformą sytemu opieki zdrowotnej. Mimo że problem ten podlega licznym badaniom, w Polsce nadal nie jest znana skala tego zjawiska, motywy i potencjalne skutki mogące mieć wpływ zarówno na pracowników, jak i na cały system opieki zdrowotnej. Materiał i metody: Badaną grupę stanowiło 1023 pielęgniarek zatrudnionych w publicznych i niepublicznych zakładach opieki zdrowotnej na terenie województwa małopolskiego. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz (ankieta). W opracowaniu statystycznym wykorzystano nieparametryczny test U Manna-Whitneya oraz test niezależności χ2. Dla wszystkich analiz przyjęto maksymalny dopuszczalny błąd I rodzaju α = 0,05, za statystycznie istotne uznano p ≤ 0,05. Wyniki: Staż pracy badanych pielęgniarek/pielęgniarzy wynosił 1–43 lat, średnio – 23 lata (SD = 11,1). Osoby >40 r.ż. stanowiły 77,5% (N = 793) grupy badanej, w tym 38,2% (N = 391) było między 41 a 50 r.ż. oraz 39,3% (N = 402) to osoby >50 r.ż. Spośród badanych 44,0% (N = 450) pracowało w 2 miejscach pracy, w tym 93,5% na stanowisku pielęgniarki, realizując ponad 160 godz. w miesiącu (39%). Decydującym powodem podjęcia dodatkowego zatrudnienia (93,3% badanych) były względy materialne. Wnioski: Względy finansowe są głównym powodem, dla których prawie połowa badanych pielęgniarek podejmuje dodatkowe zatrudnienie w wymiarze dwukrotnie przekraczającym obciążenie zawodowe. Badania sugerują potrzebę weryfikacji Centralnego Rejestru Pielęgniarek i Położnych (CRPiP) w celu wskazania liczby podwójnych etatów i osób pracujących w zawodzie pielęgniarek nie tylko w południowym regionie Polski, ale i całego kraju. Wyniki obrazują potrzebę prowadzenia dalszych badań dotyczących przyczyn i konsekwencji podwójnego zatrudnienia zarówno dla pielęgniarek, jak i wpływu tego zjawiska na jakość opieki i bezpieczeństwo pacjentów.
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