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EST-IL POSSIBLE D’IDENTIFIER DES GROUPES PAVLOVIENS SUR LE TERRITOIRE D’ACTUELLE SLOVAQUIE?

100%
Polanská M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2021
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl. 2
111 - 128
EN
The mountainous territory of Central Europe was occupied during the Early and Middle Gravettian by various human groups. Among these groups, the Pavlovian has a special place. It is world-famous for its rich material culture and symbolic behaviours. Concentrations of its occupations, called micro-regions, are identified along the natural corridor that crosses Moravia and Czech Silesia (Moravian Corridor). Within this cultural entity, two distinct groups have recently been identified from the lithic industries: a micro-saws group and a geometric microliths group. Each of them is characterized by a different behaviour towards mineral resources, its stone fossiles directeurs, as well as peculiarities in production systems. This article aims to assess the extension of these two Pavlovian groups to the territory of present-day Slovakia and to identify real series/objects that would validate its analogies. This involves discussing the three sites containing lithic material (the Dzeravá skala Cave, the Nemšová I open-air site, and the Slaninová Cave), which were compared in the past to the Pavlovian or the Early and Middle Gravettian. The first observations suggest that none of these collections delivered material with sufficient quality and quantity to support these analogies.
2
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FOSSILES DIRECTEURS VARIABILITY IN LATE AND FINAL STAGES OF THE GRAVETTIAN OF CENTRAL EUROPE

51%
Polanská M., Novák M., Klaric L.
Študijné zvesti
|
2021
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl. 2
145 - 162
EN
The Upper Palaeolithic cultures in Central Europe are traditionally defined on the basis of lithic artefacts, predominantly various types of retouched tools, which are usually considered to be typical of a given culture. For the Late and Final Gravettian, the shouldered points and Kostenki knives are supposed to be the main fossiles directeurs in this region. Based on the identification of these artefacts in Central and Eastern European lithic assemblages, terms such as “Willendorf-Kostenki/Willendorf-Kostenkian”, or “Eastern Gravettian” or even “Shouldered Point Horizon” have emerged, pointing to the analogy between sites hundreds of kilometres apart. However, new excavations, revisions of old collections, as well as modern research methods, have brought new insights into these emblematic artefacts. Although they are likely to be found in some Central European Late and Final Gravettian assemblages, their occurrence is less common than had been anticipated in the past. Our paper aims to propose a historical “Central European” view on these traditional fossiles directeurs considering their identification and cultural value. We also describe their influence on the historical development of terminology in Central European Palaeolithic archaeology.
3
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ASPECTS OF HARD TISSUE MODIFICATIONS. THREE OBJECTS FROM THE GRAVETTIAN AT DOLNÍ VĚSTONICE II (CZECH REPUBLIC)

51%
Sázelová S., Hromadová B., Perri A., Polanská M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2021
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl. 2
129 - 144
EN
The paper presents a case study of three animal hard tissue objects from the Gravettian site of Dolní Věstonice II (Czech Republic), a beaver incisor, a wolf canine and a raven femur, bearing unusual modifications. Detailed archaeo-zoological, archaeological and experimental methods provide complex insights into the interpretation of human and non-human taphonomic impacts affecting the morphology of selected examples. In the case of the beaver incisor human manipulation was excluded; dentine modifications were caused by short-term malocclusion. The wolf canine bears traces of intentional raw material selection, changing the mechanical properties of the tooth, along with evidence of pressure causing its longitudinal pre-depositional breakage. The raven femur was freshly defleshed using a dihedral burin or other artefact with similar morphology in its cutting-edge shape.
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