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MANAGING SELF-PRESENTATION: HOW SOCIAL CUES SHAPE DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIALLY DESIRABLE RESPONDING

100%
Simunović V., Žeželj I.
Studia Psychologica
|
2023
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
103-119
EN
Socially desirable responding (SDR) is usually treated as a “noise” in psychological research, to be controlled for by creating certain conditions for respondents. We tested a range of cues aimed to decrease/ increase SDR to be applied/avoided in selection or recruitment. To decrease it, we developed two novel procedures: one inspired by the bogus pipeline in which the respondents were induced to believe we can objectively record their sincerity (all three studies), and the other, inspired by the Bayesian Truth Serum (BTS) method, in which the respondents were rewarded points for sincerity (Study 3). To increase it, we exposed the respondents to descriptive group norms signalling socially desirable behaviours in their peers (Study 1 and Study 2). We measured SDR via over claiming (Study 1 and Study 3), L and K scales from the MMPI (Study 1), and attitudes towards vulnerable groups (Study 2). Across all three studies, we decreased the SDR via newly developed procedures, but failed to increase it, indicating a “default” level of positive self-presentation. When we compared the two procedures for decreasing SDR (over claiming indices), the one inspired by the bogus pipeline was more effective than the BTS-inspired one (Study 3).
2

SURPRISING SIMILARITIES IN COGNITIVE FOOTPRINT OF SCIENTISM AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS

100%
Lukić P., Žeželj I.
Studia Psychologica
|
2025
|
vol. 67
|
issue 1
69 - 86
EN
Scientism is a belief that science is superior to any other human endeavour, capable of solving all human problems and that scientists are always knowledgeable and ethical. As this view is extreme and somewhat dogmatic, we tested whether it draws from the same information processing style as beliefs traditionally deemed irrational. This is especially interesting since scientist and irrational beliefs are incompatible content-wise and thus negatively related. In Study 1 (N = 1003, representative for Serbia) scientist beliefs were more frequent than anti-scientific beliefs and, expectedly, correlated negatively with conspiracy, paranormal, and pseudoscientific beliefs. Study 2 (online community sample; 186 scientists, 147 laypeople) showed that uncritical trust in science positively correlated to need for closure and uncertainty intolerance, while uncritical trust in scientists negatively correlated with cognitive reflection and cognitive abilities. This indeed indicates a superficial informational processing style typically observed in people prone to irrational beliefs. All reported relationships, however, need to be independently replicated. This apparent paradox illustrates that science could be used as a heuristic, and it highlights the need to cultivate a more realistic view of the science process through formal education and media.
3

BIG SUPPLA: CHALLENGING THE COMMON VIEW OF THE SUPPLEMENTS AND HERBS INDUSTRY AFFECTS THE WILLINGNESS TO TRY AND RECOMMEND THEIR PRODUCTS

61%
Mijatović N., Šlijivić J., Tošić N., Conić L., Petrivić M., Žeželj I.
Studia Psychologica
|
2022
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
91 – 103
EN
Resorting to complementary/alternative medical (CAM) therapies can lead to bad health outcomes or interfere with officially recommended therapies. CAM use is, nevertheless, widespread and growing. This could be partially due to the perception of the CAM industry as powerless and non-profit oriented, in contrast to the pharmaceutical industry (“Big Pharma”). In reality, both industries are highly profitable and powerful; to highlight this similarity, science communicators coined the term “Big Suppla”. Drawing from a sample of 242 participants upon all exclusions, we experimentally tested whether varying these attributes in presenting the industries impacts consumers’ evaluation of the two categories of products (herbs and supplements) and their willingness to try and recommend them. We also tested whether the effect is moderated by conspiratorial thinking, and whether it is due to a change in trust. All hypotheses were pre-registered. As expected, participants who read the Big Suppla vignette decreased the endorsement of both supplements and herbs, whilst, against our hypotheses, there were no significant changes in endorsement in the contrasting “Baby Suppla” group. Conspiratorial thinking was related to more endorsement of CAM, but it did not moderate the experimental effects. We also did not observe the expected mediation by trust. Our most robust results corroborate the idea that challenging the myth of benevolence of the CAM industry makes people more critical in evaluating its products or considering their usage. They support the intuitions of science communicators who coined the term Big Suppla, and can help in tailoring public health messages.
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