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EN
In the special proceedings in cases within the subject matter and scope of social insurance as aparty to proceedings is also treated the interested person. According to Polish Code of Civil Proicedure interested person is aperson whose rights and obligations are affected by the outcome of acase. If the interested person does not participate in acase, the court shall notify them of the proceedings. The interested person may join the case within two weeks as of serving the notice. This regulation is very similar to the “principle of multilateral participation of interested persons” adopt­ed in non-contentious proceedings. This article aims to provide ageneral overview at the concept and notion of principle of multilateral participation in the special proceedings in cases within the subject matter and scope of social insurance. This special proceedings, although is apart of conten­tious proceedings, was not based on the two — party principle, traditionally present in the trial. As it seems this is aresult of subject matter relationships which are recognized in these proceedings. The author emphasises that this is one of the most important premises of introducing so called principle of multilateral participation to different trial-mode proceedings.
PL
The aim of the study is to discuss the impact of bilateral international treaties concluded by EU Member States with third countries on jurisdiction and recognition of judgments in matters of succession from Polish perspective. The author discusses the main problems in the interpretation of Article 75 of Regulation 650/2012 and the possible conflict of this solution with the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. The article indicates also practical problems related to the collision of bilateral treaties and Regulation No 650/2012 regarding, for example, the possibility of concluding choice-of-court agreements, recognition of foreign judgments in matters of succession and the possibility of issuing the European Certificates of Succession.
EN
The aim of the study is to present the principles of the functioning of the system of court experts in France in relation to civil proceedings. The article discusses the systemic status of experts, the mechanism of appointing experts in civil proceedings and the role of the parties at this stage. The procedural possibilities of the parties’ participation in the preparation of the expert opinion as well as the possibilities of its assessment and questioning were also presented. The method of financing expert opinions and awarding remuneration to experts was indicated. The rules for entering experts on the list of experts in France and the importance of this list for the system of appointing experts in this country were discussed in detail. The issue of advance payments by the parties for the remuneration of experts and the final method of their settlement was also presented. Attention was also drawn to the method of supervision over experts and the possibilities of disciplinary actions against them. The conclusions indicated those French regulations that could be used in other legal systems, including the one in Poland.
PL
Opracowanie ma na celu przybliżenie zasad funkcjonowania systemu biegłych sądowych we Francji, zwłaszcza w postępowaniach cywilnych. W ramach artykułu omówiono ustrojowy status biegłych, mechanizm powoływania biegłych w postępowaniu cywilnym i rolę stron na tym etapie. Przedstawiono także procesowe możliwości udziału stron w przygotowaniu opinii przez biegłego oraz jej ocenę i kwestionowanie. W szczegółowy sposób ukazano zasady sporządzania listy biegłych we Francji i znaczenie tej listy dla systemu powoływania biegłych w tym kraju. Nakreślono też kwestę uiszczania przez strony zaliczek na wynagrodzenie biegłych oraz ostateczny sposób ich rozliczania. Autor artykułu omawia ponadto nadzór nad biegłymi, a także możliwości ich dyscyplinowania. W konkluzjach wskazuje na te z francuskich uregulowań, które mogłyby być wykorzystane w innych systemach prawnych, w tym w Polsce.
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