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1

KDE LEŽEL HLAVNÍ ZDROJ OBSIDIÁNU V PRAVĚKU STŘEDNÍ EVROPY?

100%
Přichystal A., Škrdla P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 2
215 – 226
EN
Carpathian obsidian represented one of the most important raw materials in prehistoric times of Central Europe. According to the distribution maps, the Slovakian source (Carpathian 1) played the decisive role not only in Slovakia but in the whole Central Europe as well. The provenance of this obsidian was supposed near the village Viničky at the southern margin of the Zemplínske vrchy Mts. But the natural obsidian from the surroundings of Viničky (no sculpture, polyhedral shape, almost non-translucent glassy mass, dimensions of pieces usually up to 3 – 4 cm) has absolutely different properties comparing the appearance of prevalent part of obsidian artefacts (conspicuous sculpture on relics of original surface, a good translucence, common dimensions of pieces above 6 cm and more). We found the occurrence of such shortly transported and sculptured natural obsidians in lenses of probably deluviofluvial gravels in air-borne sands situated in central to NE parts of the Zemplínske vrchy Mts., i. e. in the surroundings of Brehov. In recent time these deluviofluvial or fluvial rocks with obsidian are probably partly covered by younger flood loams or air-borne sands. Our finding shows the mentioned area with about 6 km2 could be the principal source supporting by obsidian Central and SE Europe from the Middle Palaeolithic.
2
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LENGYELSKÁ KUTURA VE STŘELICKÉ KOTLINĚ

81%
Trampota F., Jarošová I., Nývltová Fišáková M., Přichystal A.
Študijné zvesti
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2012
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issue 51
89 - 174
EN
The article discusses various matters associated with the Lengyel settlement in the Střelická kotlina (Střelice Basin). Its material culture is analysed, particularly in terms of ceramics, of chipped, polished and other stone production, and zoo-archaeological finds. The pottery is analysed based on the Numerical code of the Moravian painted pottery and its results are used for understanding the relative chronology of particular sites as well as for understanding the inhabitation of the Střelice Basin during the Lengyel culture. Local materials were largely used for the manufacture of chipped- and polished-stone tools. The Střelice Basin was a part of a broader region (Brno-city and surroundings) where the mentioned local raw materials were worked and sequent distributed. Imported materials prove transport of the particular raw materials from the Holy Cross Mountains, the Kraków-Częstochowa highland in Lesser Poland and with the Zemplín region, Slovakia/Hungary. Both polished- and chipped stone industry are analysed in terms of raw material and typology. The category “other stone industry” including all other stone items is analysed in terms of raw material and its expected function. Special attention is devoted to analysis of an individual buried in a storage pit in the Střelice, in Prostřední trať location. Here, the attention is dedicated to physic anthropology, namely morphometric and morphoscopic judgement of the skeletal remains and analysis of dental micro abrasion. Zoo-archaeological analyses confirm similar characteristics of the composition faunal skeletal remains with other contemporary Lengyel sites. Presence of bones from the wild animals is characteristic for investigated period. The study further explores settlement strategies, general characteristics of the material culture of the Lengyel culture in the Střelice Basin, and settlement in relation to a relative chronology. The Střelice Basin was chiefly inhabited in phases Ib and II b of the Moravian painted pottery/East-Austrian – Moravian group. The location of sites is oriented on periphery of the Střelice Basin. All Lengyel settlement sites are oriented to proximity of terrain slopes.
3

NEOLITICKÉ OSÍDLENÍ V OKOLÍ STUDÉNKY A ÚLOHA ZDEJŠÍHO MIKROREGIONU KULTURY S LINEÁRNÍ KERAMIKOU V DISTRIBUCI SILICITŮ KRAKOVSKO-ČENSTOCHOVSKÉ JURY

61%
Janák V., Papáková K., Přichystal A., Kováčik P., Rataj P., Hořínková A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 1
1 – 63
EN
The Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Science, Silesian University in Opava has made systematic archaeological prospecting efforts for several years in the surroundings of Studénka that led to identification of two micro-regions of Neolithic settlement, territorially partly overlapped. The older one consists of six dwelling places and belongs to the Linear Pottery culture. The younger settlement around Studénka corresponds to the Lengyel culture and it was found at seven localities so far. The micro-region of the Linear Pottery culture is situated at the left bank of the Odra Gate corridor, right on the transport road of the Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites and represents on this route the nearest settlements from the source area in the direction to central Moravia. Although the micro-region is located in the area of natural occurrences of silicites from glacial sediments (also denominated erratic silicites or erratic ‘flints’), the presence of Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites among raw materials of lithic chipped artefacts is the most numerous comparing similar collections from the Czech Lands and Polish Silesia. Temporary nature of the micro-region settlement limited to a single phase of the Linear Pottery culture IIb and evidence for a short duration of the dwelling places indicate purposefulness of founding and duration of the dwelling places. The authors believe the purpose of their arising was not enlarging of the agricultural area but the mediation services in the Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites transport. The starting point for this raw material transport could be contemporary another Neolithic micro-region represented by the settlement near Spytkowice at the mouth of the river Skawa to Wisła in the recent Polish territory. This Spytkowice micro-region is unusually located on the opposite bank of the Wisła. The supposed route of the Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites to Moravia is only a working hypothesis naturally.
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