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Беларускае пытанне на старонках першых беларускiх газет «Наша Доля» („Nasza Dola”) i «Наша Нива» („Nasza Niwa”) (1906 г.)

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Korbut V.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

2020

vol. Tom 3 Nr XXV

177-190

This article examines the question of the national liberation of Belarusians in connection with their social liberation during the First Russian Revolution (1905–1907) in the Russian Empire in the pages of the first Belarusian-language newspaper “Nasza Dola”, published in Vilnius in September − December 1906. All articles dealing with this issue are analysed. “Nasza Dola” publicists began work on the formation of the national and social consciousness of Belarusians, emphasizing the need to unite workers and peasants of all nationalities in the struggle for national and social liberation in Belarus and Lithu-ania, as well as throughout the Russian Empire. For comparison, examples of journalism from the first issues of the newspaper “Nasza Niwa”, which were published at the same time as “Nasza Dola” are analysed.

У гэтым артыкуле разглядаецца пастаноўка на старонках першай газеты на беларускай мове «Наша Доля», якая выходзіла ў Вільні ў верасні–снежні 1906 г., пытання аб нацыянальным вызваленні беларусаў у сувязі з іх сацыяльным вызваленнем падчас Першай рускай рэвалюцыі (1905–1907 гг.) у Расійскай імперыі. Аналізуюцца ўсе артыкулы, у якіх закраналася гэта праблематыка. Публіцысты «Нашай Доли» пачалі работу па фарміраванні нацыянальнай і сацыяльнай свядомасці беларусаў, падкрэслівалі неабходнасць аб’яднання рабочых і сялян усіх нацыянальнасцей у змаганні за нацыянальнае і сацыяльнае вызваленне як у Беларусі і Літве, так і ва ўсёй Расійскай імперыі. Для параўнання прыведзены прыклады публіцыстыкі з першых нумароў газеты «Наша Нива», якія выходзілі ў адзін час з «Нашай Доляй».

Franciszek Skoryna i inni drukarze z Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Korony Polskiej na łamach wileńskiej prasy białoruskojęzycznej w latach 1909–1918. Przyczynek do dziejów kształtowania białoruskich stereotypów narodowych

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Korbut V.

Przegląd Środkowo-Wschodni

2018

vol. 3

35-57

Na początku XX wieku w Wilnie w prasie białoruskojęzycznej zaczęły się pojawiać publikacje poświęcone wydawnictwom pierwszych książek w języku cerkiewnosłowiańskim i ruskim w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim i Królestwie Polskim. W artykułach autorstwa znanego publicysty Wacława Łastowskiego początkowo twierdzono, że założycielem białoruskiego druku był drukarz krakowski Szwajpolt Fiol. Następnie za pierwszego wydawcę książek białoruskich uznano Franciszka Skorynę z Połocka. Od tamtego czasu Skoryna w umysłach Białorusinów był białoruskim drukarzem, chociaż w jego epoce (XVI wiek) naród białoruski jeszcze nie istniał, a Skoryna uważał się za Rusina, czyli przedstawiciela społeczności, która obejmowała przodków Białorusinów i Ukraińców, a także mieszkańców Wielkiego Księstwa Moskiewskiego. Białoruscy publicyści z powodzeniem wykorzystali osobowość Skoryny do stworzenia idei istnienia białoruskiej kultury i języka w XVI wieku oraz ich wysokiego poziomu rozwoju. Był to ważny etap w procesie kształtowania białoruskiej idei narodowej na początku XX wieku.

At the beginning of the 20th century, publications devoted to the publishers of the first books in the Church Slavonic and Old West-Russian languages in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland began to appear in the Vilna (Vilnius) Belarusian language press. In the articles authored by a well-known publicist Vaclaŭ Lastoŭski, at first it was affirmed that the founder of Belarusian printing was the Cracow printing house Szwajpolt Fiol. Then the role of the first publisher of Belarusian books was attributed to the native of Polack, Francysk Skaryna. Since that time, Skaryna in the minds of Belarusians has been entrenched as a Belarusian printer, although in his epoch (XVI century) the Belarusian nation did not yet exist and Skaryna considered himself Old West-Russian, that is, a representative of a broader community that included the ancestors of Belarusians and Ukrainians, and also inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Thus, Belarusian publicists successfully used Skaryna’s personality to create an idea of the existence of Belarusian culture and language in the 16th century and their high level of development. This was an important stage in the process of forming the Belarusian national idea in the early 20th century.

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1 Acta Polono-Ruthenica

1 Przegląd Środkowo-Wschodni

2 Korbut V.

1 2020

1 2018

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Беларускае пытанне на старонках першых беларускiх газет «Наша Доля» („Nasza Dola”) i «Наша Нива» („Nasza Niwa”) (1906 г.)

Franciszek Skoryna i inni drukarze z Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Korony Polskiej na łamach wileńskiej prasy białoruskojęzycznej w latach 1909–1918. Przyczynek do dziejów kształtowania białoruskich stereotypów narodowych