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Obraz člověka v díle Metoděje Habáně

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The main aim of the article is to provide an introduction to major themes, which can be found in the work of Metoděj Habáň OP (1899 –1984), the Czech Dominican priest and philosopher. It concludes, based on an overview of Habáň’s key texts, that the main purpose of his work was to defend man as a free and spiritual being, characterized above all by rational thinking and free will. We can therefore argue that Metoděj Habáň should be understood primarily as an author in the field of philosophical anthropology. The paper presents the basic points of Habáň’s thinking, which is based on the interconnection between the world of modern science with classical Thomistic Metaphysics. It is also focused on Habáň’s reasoning about human nature and the essence of human life, his search for an active and meaningful existence and concludes with a reflection on spirituality and mysticism as an integral part of human life.
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Čeští tomisté píší o marxismu (1945‒1948)

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The aim of the article is to present a critique and a polemic of Czech philosophers in the Thomist tradition with Marxism in the postwar period. A turn to left-wing political practice and thinking throughout Europe in the year following the end of World War II can be observed. "Socialism" was one of the major issues in the public discussion of that time in Czechoslovakia as well. Although the majority of society and its intellectual elites were oriented positively towards socialist and even Marxist ideas, there still existed several centres of critique of these political tendencies. One of the most interesting groups was the Czech Thomist philosophers, e.g. Antonín Čala, Dominik Pecka, Jaroslav Beneš and Miloslav Skácel. They viewed Marxism as not only a political ideology or revolutionary practice, but also as a comprehensive philosophical theory and system. Their critique of Marxism therefore focuses on its ontological and anthropological foundations, demonstrating how Marxism neglects the fundamental dignity of personal human beings.
EN
The article presents the approach of Catholic journalism towards cultural, social and political issues as can be found in Catholic periodicals from the years 1945‒1948. One of the main characteristics of this approach is its focus on personal human dignity and its connection to the fact of the creation and redemption of the human person. Personal dignity forms an opposition towards the reductive approach of modern ideologies, which are understood as an instrumental construction of humanity leading to the limitation of the uniqueness and richness of human life. The critique of ideology is not anchored in an unambiguous left‑ or right‑wing political orientation. Catholic authors are also critical for the liberal and Marxist vision of social and political life. The way out of ideologized thinking is therefore found in the richness and depth of the religious, Christian tradition.
EN
This cross-sectional study aims to 1) investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of subjective health complaints inventory in terms of gender, 2) examine the role of self-esteem, inter-parental conflict and gender in Czech adolescents’ subjective health complaints, and 3) examine a possible moderating effect of gender in these relationships. Czech adolescents (N = 1602, 51% girls) from an epidemiological part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) completed questionnaires at home and a psychological sub-sample of ELSPAC (n = 343, 46% girls) completed questionnaires during individual psychological examinations in the years 2006 and 2007. The subjective health complaints inventory used in this study is a unidimensional and scalar invariant for sex. Girls reported more subjective health symptoms than boys. Self-esteem may play a protective role for the adolescents’ subjective health symptoms, especially in boys, whereas self-blame and threat in an inter-parental conflict may serve as a risk factor similarly for both sexes.
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