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How to optimize the teaching of mathematics of young children?

100%
Jaggieło E., Klim-Klimaszewska A.
Przegląd Naukowo-Metodyczny „Edukacja dla Bezpieczeństwa”
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2014
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vol. 7
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issue 3(24)
175-183
XX
Niniejszy artykuł odnosić się do efektywnego nauczania matematyki w wieku przedszkolnym. Poszukiwania skutecznych metod kształtowania pojęć matematycznych. Uwzględniając przy tym wykazywaną przez dzieci skłonność do poznawania otaczającego ich świata poprzez doświadczenia. Obcowanie z poznawanymi przedmiotami, oznacza możliwość ich badania i operowania nimi. Z tego tytułu autorzy uzasadniają stosowanie kompilacji metod werbalnych, praktycznych, problemowych i aktywizujących. Jak również konieczność stwarzania atmosfery wyzwalającej konstruktywne myślenie. Eksponując jedną z dróg przyswajania wiedzy matematycznej tak przy okazji, jaką jest zabawa i gra.
2
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The Change in Approach to Preparing Children to Learn to Read and Write

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Jagiełło E., Klim-Klimaszewska A.
Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education
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2016
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issue 9
71-88
EN
Readiness to learn to read must be shaped at the level of preschool education. One of the innovative methods of teaching pre-school children to read is the natural language teaching method developed by Wenda Pye. The programme consists in the teaching of listening, speaking, reading and writing using games and creative activities. The learning process is accompanied by children’s creative activity. Therefore, the natural language teaching method is perceived not only as the process of language learning but also, and most importantly, as educating through language, where language is both a means of communication and a thinking tool. The concept is based on the belief that child’s language is a specific phenomenon determined, on the one hand, by natural child development and, on the other hand, by child’s interactions with the environment. Consequently, child’s language education should be enhanced by a subtle help from an adult, who – by the use of provocation, arrangement and gentle encouragement to take actions – opens up a new, unknown space to the child, i.e. the world of writing. Language plays a role of a factor that integrates various fields of knowledge and different types of child’s activity in reality perception and acquisition. Natural situations used in the teaching of reading, which create occasional educational situations, inspire the child and simultaneously introduce him into the world of writing. Thus, learning to read should be accompanied by learning to write. The discovery of new values that the novel language of signs has with regards to information acquisition increases child’s motivation to verbalise his own thoughts and to learn to read and write. Emotional engagement facilitates memorizing a story or new vocabulary. It sensitizes the child to the graphical, phonological and semantic dimension of a given word by making a direct link between the graphical representation and the sound. A point of departure for natural language teaching is a short and simple text and illustrations that highly relate to it. Texts form stories included in little books entitled “Sunshine Library”. There is a series of 40 books designed for pre-school children self-study of reading. The books are graded at four levels of difficulty. Didactic aids used in the series are very well organised and introduce already consolidated semantic structures, providing new contents regarding language competence at a slow pace. Each book is composed of three stories. Typically, the first story includes one text with carefully selected new language structures. The following two stories serve the purpose of material consolidation. The essence of the books are pictures, which should be in line with the text because the basis of reading is to associate an image with its graphical representation. The print used in the books is large, legible, the words are clearly separated, and every sentence starts with a new line. The stories are simple and presented with repetitive sentence patterns. Natural language teaching develops and deepens child’s natural willingness to speak, read or draw graphical symbols. Speech is here not only the foundation of child’s expression and learning to read and write, but also a support for child’s paralanguage activity. The article presents the use of the natural language teaching method in pre-school children education.
3
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A Pre-school Child of Initiative

100%
Jagiełło E., Klim-Klimaszewska A.
Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education
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2016
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issue 9
15-30
EN
In the 21st century such words as saving money, financing and electronic money are very popular. It is difficult to discuss about functioning in the society without the ability to efficient movement in the field of finances. The need to propagate financial education since the early age is gaining popularity. This is strictly connected with the development of a wise consumer’s attitude and the ability to manage in various financial situations, as well as passing respect towards money among small children. Both parents and teachers are responsible for promotion of economic ideas. Knowledge gained by children within every day’s life is the source of information for forming financial programs. Children accompany their parents during visits at a bank, shop, post office and other institutions offering financial services. A pre- school child should not only know where such places are and how they look like, but also their duties and the basic rules of functioning. The following article has been devoted to such subject matter. It presents the list of words which are commonly used by children at the age of four or five. To collect the base of the words the method of brainstorm was used and the map of thoughts was created. Finally, the list of the subject matters within financial education for children of the pre-school age has been elaborated.
4
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Zastosowanie zabaw tematycznych, zabawek i rekwizytów w edukacji przedszkolnej. Przykłady z praktyki pedagogicznej

100%
Nazaruk S., Klim-Klimaszewska A.
Edukacja Elementarna w Teorii i Praktyce
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2018
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vol. 13
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issue 3(49)
157-172
PL
Celem podjętych badań było poznanie realizacji w praktyce pedagogicznej zbaw tematycznych w przedszkolu, w grupie dzieci w wieku 4–5 lat, oraz wykorzystywanych w nich rekwizytów i zabawek. Zabawa to swoista forma działalności dziecka, podczas której wprowadza ono w czyn to, co zaobserwowało, poznało, przeżyło, czego się dowiedziało i doświadczyło. Stwarza ona dziecku okazję do tego, by poszerzało krąg doświadczeń, nauczyło się celowo i skutecznie działać i oddziaływać na otoczenie. Podczas zabawy dziecko utrwala i doskonali przyswojone już sposoby myślenia i działania oraz rozwija swoje możliwości umysłowe, wzbogaca zasób wiedzy o otoczeniu. Dążenie do odtwarzania w zabawach tematycznych działalności dorosłych, których role dziecko przyjmuje, stanowi bodziec do poszerzania wiadomości o zawodach i zajęciach wykonywanych przez różnych ludzi, o miejscach i instytucjach, gdzie pracują, o stosunkach społecznych, jakie między sobą nawiązują. Poprzez zabawę dziecko gromadzi doświadczenia, poznaje otoczenie, uczy się, czego efektem jest między innymi rozwijanie zdolności do dokonywania analizy i syntezy, odkrywania zjawisk dotąd nieznanych i próby ich wytłumaczenia. Nieodłącznym elementem zabaw są rekwizyty. Dziecko wykorzystuje gotowe zabawki lub ich zastępniki, na przykład kij jest koniem, krążek kierownicą samochodu. Badania jakościowe przeprowadzono w dwóch etapach w przedszkolu samorządowym na terenie miasta Biała Podlaska. Ich wyniki pokazały potrzebę inicjowania przez nauczycieli i przygotowywania dzieci do podejmowania zabaw tematycznych i wprowadzania nowych tematów, nieznanych dotąd dzieciom. Z uwagi na niekwestionowane znaczenie zabaw tematycznych w rozwoju dziecka należy zwrócić uwagę na ich staranne przygotowanie. Zbyt wąskie i jednostronne realizowanie zabaw oraz wykorzystywanie tych samych zabawek i rekwizytów z pewnością nie przyczyni się do wywołania dodatkowych bodźców rozwojowych.
EN
Play is a specific form of children’s activity which enables them to put into practice what they had observed, learned, and experienced. Furthermore, play creates the opportunity for children to broaden their range of experiences, and learn how to act and interact with their environment in a purposeful and effective way. While playing, children consolidate and enhance the acquired ways of thinking and acting, develop cognitive abilities, and enrich their knowledge of the world around them. Using a particular theme, children pretend to take on roles of adults, imitating their speech and actions, which provides an incentive to broaden the scope of knowledge about occupations and activities performed by various people, places and institutions where people work, and about social relations in which people engage. Through play, children accumulate experience, get to know the world around them, and acquire knowledge, which results in, among other things, the development of their capacity for analysis and synthesis, discovery of earlier unknown phenomena and the attempt to explain them. Props are an integral part of play. Children use ready-made toys or their substitutes; for example, a stick becomes a horse and a metal ring becomes a steering wheel of a car. The purpose of the research was to learn about the implementation of theme play in pedagogical practice in the preschool classroom of 4/5-year old children, and to identify toys and props used while playing. Thus, a two-stage qualitative research was performed in the municipal preschool located in the town of Biała Podlaska. The research findings indicated the need for teachers to prepare children for taking up thematic role play, to initiate play and introduce new themes previously unknown to children. Given the undeniable importance of theme play in the development of children, attention should be paid to thorough preparation of role-playing activities as a limited scope of implemented activities and themes, and the use of the same toys and props will certainly not provide additional developmental stimuli.
5
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The Popularization of English Language Learning in Primary Schools in Poland

81%
Nazaruk S. K., Tokarewicz E., Klim-Klimaszewska A.
Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education
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2017
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issue 12
181-196
EN
Accession of Poland to the European Union induced a variety of changes in different areas of life, including education. A second language was introduced as a compulsory subject in kindergarten and primary school and two compulsory foreign languages in general lower and upper secondary schools. English is the most popular of all languages in all types of schools, regardless of the level of education they represent. Globalization of the English language, the process which can be observed nowadays, has a significant impact on actions taken by schools to popularize learning this language. Therefore, the research was performed with a view to achieving a better understanding of the popularization of English language learning in primary schools in the larger context of a variety of factors. Basing on the analysis of research results, the conclusions reflecting real needs of learners as far as the more effective English language learning is concerned have been drawn. Sharing the research findings with the primary schools which participated in the research will contribute to their practical application.
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