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A NEW PERSPECTIVE OF TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE THEORIES THROUGH MODERN TEST CONCEPTUALIZATION

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Kubinger K. D., Litzenberger M., Mrakotsky C.
Studia Psychologica
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2007
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vol. 49
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issue 4
295-312
EN
This paper discusses the divide between theory-based and test-based understanding of intelligence. Regardless of which intelligence theory might be true or might represent the academic state-of-the-art, intelligence test-batteries are commonly administered because of their existence and availability, and in that sense establish their own 'theory'. The question is which representation of human intelligence actually does apply in practice. As a matter of fact, Wechsler-based intelligence test-batteries are widely used all over the world. In this paper a psychometrically sound representative of Wechsler-based intelligence test batteries, the Rasch model scaled Adaptive Intelligence Diagnosticum (AID 2), is used as an example. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were performed with respect to the theories of Spearman, Wechsler, Thurstone, Cattell, and Jäger. Confirmatory factor analyses were also performed with respect to a specific model of learning disorders. The data of 662 6- to 16-year old children and adolescents were analyzed. The results indicate a surprising finding: it was not the four factor solution yielded from exploratory factor analysis of the AID 2 standardization sample which fits the data best - Wechsler's two factor model (verbal vs. performance factor) fits almost equally well - but a simple model of learning disorders. This is a hierarchical model with 'perception' as its base component, followed by 'utilization', and 'retrieval' of information.
2

DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TIMES IN THE RECOGNITION OF BLURRED VISUAL STIMULI IN REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS

100%
Proyer R. T., Ortner T. M., Kubinger K. D., Turnheim C.
Studia Psychologica
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2007
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vol. 49
|
issue 2
145-153
EN
Repression and sensitization define two cognitive styles for coping with threatening stimuli. In this study differences in reaction times to recognize blurred visual stimuli were investigated. These stimuli were presented on a computer screen in the continuously refining grid patterns, which first show totally blurred neutral, pleasant and unpleasant pictures. The person tested is asked to stop the refining, as soon as s/he thinks that they know what is on the picture. This computerized setting was applied to a sample of N = 183 persons who also filled out the Mainz Coping Inventory (Krohne, Egloff, 1999). According to the differences in reaction time between pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, the groups of repressors and sensitizers can be identified. No relevant correlations between the differences in perception times and the questionnaire were found. This might be related to the different approaches of two assessment techniques (perception and reaction modalities). The results are discussed in terms of their practical applicability. The guidelines for further research projects, and further development are given.
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