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Radca Prawny
|
2022
|
vol. 32
|
issue 3
101-109
EN
The article is a critical analysis of the problem raised by the Polish Supreme Court in the decision of March 16, 2017, case file no. IV KK 57/17, related to the possibility of the influence on criminal liability of the circumstance in the form of the origin of the perpetrator of a criminal activity coming from a different cultural background. The considerations carried out focus on the goal in the form of answering the question of the possibility of accepting the indicated circumstance as a justification for the foreigner’s error as to the unlawfulness of their behavior. Normative support for the considerations carried out is Article 30 of the Polish Penal Code, which regulates the consequences of the occurrence of the so-called error as to the law.
EN
The purpose of this article is to examine the possibility of applying the fiscal criminal continuous act construction to the crime of illegal gambling on slot machines. To this end, first a detailed analysis of the prerequisites for applying the institution of a continuous act in the fiscal criminal law was made. Then, it was considered what the crime of of illegal gambling on slot machines consists and how important the location of these games is for this offense. Finally, on the basis of the conclusions presented, the possibility of combining a criminal tax continuous act consisting of illegal gambling on slot machines in different places was considered.
PL
Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwość zastosowania konstrukcji karnoskarbowego czynu ciągłego uregulowanej w art. 6 § 2 k.k.s. do przestępstwa nielegalnego urządzania gier hazardowych na automatach, o którym mowa w art. 107 § 1 k.k.s. W tym celu w pierwszej kolejności dokonano szczegółowej analizy przesłanek zastosowania instytucji czynu ciągłego w prawie karnym skarbowym. Następnie rozważono, na czym polega przestępstwo nielegalnego urządzania gier hazardowych na automatach oraz jak istotne dla tego czynu jest miejsce urządzania tych gier. Ostatecznie w oparciu o przedstawione wnioski zweryfikowano możliwość połączenia klamrą karnoskarbowego czynu ciągłego polegającego na nielegalnym urządzaniu gier hazardowych na automatach w różnych miejscach.
EN
In the judgement, which is the subject of the commentary, the Supreme Court refers to the problem of suspension of the period of criminality limitation, in the case of formal immunity of a judge or a prosecutor under Article 104 § 1 Criminal Code from 1997. The Supreme Court took the view that the period of criminality limitation starts its suspension with the day the competent authority requests to disciplinary court for permission to hold a judge or prosecutor to criminal responsibility. The author approves this view and quotes arguments for it. Furthermore he is trying to show the validity of this view, compared it with other views, which are still present in the criminal law doctrine.
PL
W uchwale będącej przedmiotem glosy Sąd Najwyższy odnosi się do zagadnienia spoczywania biegu terminu przedawnienia karalności w przypadku immunitetu formalnego sędziego lub prokuratora na gruncie art. 104 § 1 k.k. Sąd Najwyższy stanął na stanowisku, zgodnie z którym spoczywanie biegu terminu przedawnienia karalności następuje z dniem skierowania do sądu dyscyplinarnego wniosku o zezwolenie na pociągnięcie sędziego lub prokuratora do odpowiedzialności karnej. Autor aprobuje ten pogląd, przytaczając argumenty przemawiające za nim. Jednocześnie stara się pokazać zasadność tego poglądu na tle innych, wciąż obecnych w doktrynie prawa karnego.
EN
In criminal law there are basically two types of error – the error of fact and the error of law. The article focuses on the assignment to a specific category of errors caused by the unawareness of the content of the legal technical statutory elements and of normative statutory elements. Therefore, the study links the complicated problem of error with the problem of statutory elements, which is equally complicated and causes doubts in criminal law doctrine. In order to be able to carry out the task, the authors clarified the key concepts, and then conducted a dogmatic analysis of legal technical and normative statutory elements based on numerous examples.
EN
This paper delves into the standards of law-making in criminal law, emphasizing the significance of these standards within the legal system. The text explores the importance of maintaining constitutional and non-constitutional standards in criminal law and investigates the complexity of defining clear and unambiguous principles for lawmakers. It discusses the dual meaning of the standard of law-making, encompassing both substantive and formal aspects, and how these standards play a crucial role in shaping legal norms. The paper also highlights four key law-making standards in criminal law: legal certainty, adherence to proper legislative procedure, the effectiveness of the law and the adequacy of the language of the law. It raises essential issues regarding the impact of these standards on the quality and trustworthiness of criminal laws.
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