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EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the main issues related to penalty prescriptive decisions, used by environmental protection authorities pursuant to the Act of 27th April 2001 on the environmental protection. The question of the legal instruments to prevent adverse influence on the environment has been discussed since many years. There are many publications in the literature devoted to this problem. As it can be seen from the number of the judgements issued by the Supreme Administrative Court, the practical side of the problem is of significance. For this reason, it is worth to make once again an attempt to analyse Art. 363 of the Act of 27th April 2001 on the environmental protection, which would constitute an attempt to make a certain synthesis of the problems arising from the application of such decisions.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie głównych problemów związanych ze stosowaniem przez organy ochrony środowiska sankcyjnej decyzji nakazującej na gruncie ustawy z 27 kwietnia 2001 r. Prawo ochrony środowiska. Od lat toczy się ożywiona dyskusja w sprawie instrumentów prawnych zapobiegania negatywnemu oddziaływaniu na środowisko. Piśmiennictwo na ten temat jest bogate. Liczba orzeczeń Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego świadczy o doniosłości praktycznej tego zagadnienia. Warto z tego powodu podjąć jeszcze jeden wysiłek analizy art. 363 ustawy z 27 kwietnia 2001 r. Prawo ochrony środowiska, która stanowić będzie próbę pewnej syntezy problemów związanych ze stosowaniem tej decyzji.
EN
Participation of unincorporated associations in court and administrative proceedings is a tool of public participation which is a part of basic principles of performance of a democratic country and a civil society. By means of abiding by those principles administrative bodies and courts respect the rule of law and it becomes a standard. The rule of public participation can be as well treated as a part of the basic civil rights stipulated in the Constitution. By respecting the right of unincorporated associations to participate in court and administrative proceedings in environmental protection-related cases the goals and functions of environmental protection law can be accomplished.
PL
Participation of unincorporated associations in court and administrative proceedings is a tool of public participation which is a part of basic principles of performance of a democratic country and a civil society. By means of abiding by those principles administrative bodies and courts respect the rule of law and it becomes a standard. The rule of public participation can be as well treated as a part of the basic civil rights stipulated in the Constitution. By respecting the right of unincorporated associations to participate in court and administrative proceedings in environmental protection-related cases the goals and functions of environmental protection law can be accomplished.  
EN
This article presents Log-Periodic Power Law and considers its usefulness as a forecasting tool on the financial markets. One of the estimation methods of this function was presented and six models were built, based on time series of the DJIA and the WIG20. Estimated models were utilized to predict crashes of those indices. The variations between the actual values of analyzed indices observed in the forecasted period and values observed in the actual period of their downturn were assembled to assess the results. In three cases, relative errors were below 5%; and in three cases, they were higher than 15%.
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