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Ziarno prawdy? Mord rytualny w polskich kryminałach retro

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Domagalska M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

2018

vol. 50

issue 4

209-224

In contemporary Polish literature, crime stories whose plot is set in the pre-war Poland or earlier have become increasingly popular. Taking into consideration the fact that the second Republic of Poland was a multinational state, the authors of such novels must take into account the demographic aspects of the interwar society. Among the minorities living in Poland at that time, almost 10% were Jews; with anti-Semitism growing stronger. In crime stories whose plot is set before World War II, the ritual murder motif appears. This could raise a question of whether this happens: because of the correspondence between a crime story’s plot and the need of there being a murder in the plot for the sake of the story or, on the other hand, for the sake of deconstructing the falsehood or showing its relevance and fear connected to pogrom’s violence. In such a case, the crime story, apart from ludic aspects, would become an anthropological testament and a tool of fighting against anti-Semitic prejudices. The case studies in this article are novels written by: Zbigniew Miłoszewski, Ziarno prawdy (Grain of Truth), Zbigniew Białas, Korzeniec, Marek Bukowski & Maciej Dancewicz Najdłuższa noc (The Longest Night), Marek Krajewski, Głowa Minotaura (The Head of Minotaur) and Erynie (Erinyes), Konrad Lewandowski, Perkalowy dybuk (Perkale’s Dybuk), Piotr Schmandt, Pruska zagadka (A Prussian Riddle) and Adam Węgłowski, Przypadek Ritterów (The Ritters’ Case).

W ostatnich latach w Polsce niezwykłą popularnością cieszy się kryminał retro. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że II Rzeczpospolita była państwem wielonarodowościowym, autorzy muszą uwzględnić aspekty demograficzne. Wśród mniejszości zamieszkujących Polskę 10% stanowili Żydzi, a antysemityzm w międzywojniu przybierał na sile. W fabułach, których akcja toczy się w I połowie XX wieku pojawia się motyw mordu rytualnego. Można więc postawić pytanie, czy dzieje się tak ze względu na korelację kryminału ze zbrodnią, cel, jakim jest wzmocnienie atrakcyjności przekazu czy też dążenie do rozbicia fantazmatu, ukazania jego żywotności i obaw związanych z przemocą pogromową. W takim przypadku kryminał oprócz aspektów ludycznych stawałby się świadectwem antropologicznym i narzędziem walki z antysemickimi uprzedzeniami. Przedmiotem analizy będą więc powieści: Zbigniewa Miłoszewskiego Ziarno prawdy, Zbigniewa Białasa Korzeniec, Marka Bukowskiego i Macieja Dancewicza Najdłuższa noc, Marka Krajewskiego Głowa minotaura i Erynie, Konrada Lewandowskiego Perkalowy dybuk, Piotra Schmandta Pruska zagadka oraz Adama Węgłowskiego Przypadek Ritterów.

The Modernizing Jewish Family as a Negative Role Model in Polish Popular Novels at the Turn of 19th and 20th Century

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Domagalska M.

Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia

2021

vol. 19

1-14

In Poland at the turn of 19th and 20th century a modernizing Jewish family appears quite frequently in anti-Semitic and non-anti-Semitic “Jewish novels”. In both cases a Jewish family is presented in rather pejorative light as a point of reference to a Polish family. In such comparison Polish culture and Poles are presented as a more attractive, more civilized and that is why their way of living is followed by the Jews. Jewish families try to undergo the process of assimilation but their effort are depicted in rather pejorative or even ridiculous way. There are some Jewish heroes presented as a role model, but they only prove the role. There is a huge gap between Poles and Jews who have to make an effort to change their personality and behaviour according to Polish expectations. In anti-Semitic novels a description of the process of modernization and assimilation of Jews had to prove its negative consequences. Jews were treated as enemies and novels’ plot revealed their main goal – the conquest of Poland. This kind of writing can be also seen as a warning against mix marriages to prevent Polish society from the integration with Jews, who are presented as the main threat of homogeneity of Polish nation.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

1 Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia

2 Domagalska M.

1 2021

1 2018

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Ziarno prawdy? Mord rytualny w polskich kryminałach retro

The Modernizing Jewish Family as a Negative Role Model in Polish Popular Novels at the Turn of 19th and 20th Century