The aim of the article is to present the concept of the sense of communication subjectivity from the perspective of its usefulness in research on media competences. The author discusses theoretical aspects of human subjectivity connected with communication activity referring to the literature in the field of political science, sociology, and psychology. She constructs a model of the sense of communication subjectivity based on available theories, then she verifies it in the questionnaire research on the relationship between the sense of communication subjectivity and social activity in territorial selfgovernments of the Śląskie Voivodeship. The results of the survey confirm the research hypothesis, according to which social activity is associated with a sense of communication subjectivity. Apart from the conclusions provided by the survey, the author formulates the proposal of further use of the concept in research on communication in various social situations, especially those involving asymmetric communication, for example, in work environment, health care, education, etc.
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki analizy relacji medialnych w krajach europejskich na temat wydarzeń ze stycznia 2021 roku w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Kongres USA obradował nad zatwierdzeniem wyników wyborów prezydenckich, kiedy tłum zwolenników Donalda Trumpa wdarł się do budynku. Autorki porównały telewizyjne serwisy informacyjne stacji publicznych w trzech krajach: w Polsce, Rosji i Niemczech. Posługiwały się analizą zawartości w jej wymiarze ilościowo- -jakościowym oraz metodami jakościowymi (Krytyczna Analiza Dyskursu), a także analizą porównawczą. Wyniki badań pozwoliły na wskazanie dominujących typów dyskursu w mediach publicznych w styczniu 2021 roku. Autorki wykazały zróżnicowany charakter stosowanych narracji (instrumentalizacja dyskursu versus kronikarski styl narracji), języka (nacechowanie emocjonalne versus informacyjność) oraz kontekstualizacji polidoniesień medialnych (osadzanie w kontekstach historycznych, społecznych czy kulturowych).
EN
The article presents the results of the analysis of media coverage in European countries on the events of January 2021 in the United States. The US Congress was deliberating to approve the presidential election results when a crowd of Donald Trump supporters burst into the building. The authors compared television news services of public stations in three countries: Poland, Russia, and Germany. The content analysis in its quantitative and qualitative dimensions, qualitative methods (Critical Discourse Analysis) as well as comparative analysis were used. The research results allowed the authors to indicate the dominant types of discourse in the public media in January 2021. The authors have shown the varied nature of the narratives used (discourse instrumentalization versus the chronicle style of narration), language (emotional versus informational), and the contextualization of media reports (embedding in historical, social, or cultural contexts).
This article presents a diverse European perspective on democracy and freedom of expression. The research was conducted on 73 public television materials after the storming of the Capitol in Germany, Poland, and Russia. The content analysis employed 75 categories in the categorization key. The German perspective focused on stabilizing the democratic system after Biden’s win and on respect for democratic values in the USA. The narrative style is centered around change, a natural process in a democracy. Polish public television dominated an atmosphere of anxiety, but the criticism of the democratic opposition in Poland found an analogy between the actions of media corporations and opposition politicians. The materials in the Russian service were biased and directed against American democracy in general. Criticism was levelled at the hypocrisy of the authorities, the inefficiency of democratic procedures, and the lack of respect for political traditions. The portrayal of crisis events in the USA depended on the level of democracy in the country and, to varying degrees, also served as a pretext for criticizing democracy in general and referencing events in the country being analyzed.
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