The paper examines the causal relationship between FDI and economic growth (GDP) in thirteen ECOWAS countries using both time domain and frequency domain testing procedures using annual data from 1970 to 2015. The results showed that time domain is not adequate in detecting causality. The time domain detected causality in only four out of thirteen countries whilst the frequency domain detected causality at different frequencies and cycles in nine out of thirteen countries. The findings of this study indicate the importance of frequency domain causality, that it decomposes causality at different frequencies and subsequently detects causality at certain cycles lengths. The general observation that economic growth leads FDI calls for ECOWAS leaders to rethink about painful sacrifices they make to attract FDI into the region.
This study examines how financial literacy, financial behaviour, family support (as another source of income), number of dependents, and retirement planning influence on the financial well-being of retirees in Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. A cross-sectional survey strategy was employed on 400 respondents randomly selected from 1500 members of the association to analyze the effect of financial literacy, financial behaviour, family support, number of dependents and retirement planning on financial wellbeing. It then tests their hypothesized relationships with the use of Partial Least Squares (PLS), a structural equation modelling technique. The results reveal that financial literacy, retirement planning and family support significantly impact the financial well-being of retirees. More importantly, the effect of family support and retirement planning on retirees’ financial well-being is stronger than the one of financial literacy. The findings imply that finance literacy and retirement planning should be promoted. In addition to policies aimed at bridging social cohesion and promoting family values should not be ignored the maximizing of financial well-being of retirees. The study contributes to the extant literature on financial literacy and provides evidence on the effect of financial literacy and financial planning on the financial well-being of retirees in a developing country. It has also provided support for the need of social cohesion.
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