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"Abendland": Henry Wadsworth Longfellow i świadomość ekopoetycka

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Schauffler D.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
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2014
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issue 1(28) konteksty ekokrytyki
61-73
EN
Abendland: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and the Ecological Consciousness The field of ecological criticism has, in the United States, concentrated upon recent and contemporary works, regularly invoking only a small group of earlier writers, such as Thoreau and Leopold, who are obvious precursors of modern ecological thinking. However, if one turns to 19th century writers whose popularity during their lifetimes shows that they voiced widely held views, one may conclude that the concerns of today’s ecological critics and writers have always figured prominently in the American consciousness. This paper examines some representative works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, to show that this supremely conventional poet wrote feelingly on three issues that most preoccupy current ecological criticism: the condition and fate of Native Americans, the exploitation of nature, and the instability and destructiveness of modern civilization. Longfellow’s popularity in his own day indicates that his vast readership was likewise exercised by these concerns, and that, therefore, the “ecological consciousness” was quite widely held in mid-19th century America. The paper suggests obliquely that this conclusion may lead one to take a dim view of the practical effectiveness of an ecological consciousness in Longfellow’s day or in our own.
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Przemysł tłumaczeniowy: Oświecenie jako masowe oszustwo. Nowe uwagi na temat nienowego problemu

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Schauffler D.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
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2011
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issue 1-2(22-23) konteksty anglistyki
55-65
EN
This essay takes its inspiration from Adorno and Horkheimer’s work Dialektik der Aufklärung, which critically examines culture at large. Schauffler interrogates all the key words used in his title in order to discuss the significance of translation in contemporary culture and communication. The industrial aspect of translation is related to Walter Benjamin’s claim that (literary) translation is not supposed to serve the reader. Nowadays, on the other hand, translation is an industry and as such is obliged to be subordinated to the demands of the market. That reflects on the assumptions and strategies employed by the translator: her/his attitude to the source language and the very notion of translation are modified accordingly.
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