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Świat pełen bogów: pogaństwo czy politeizm?

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Musiał D.
Studia Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi Incohantis
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2022
|
vol. 7
52-63
EN
Terminology is one of the more difficult issues facing academics investigating ancient religious imaginations. The history of the terms "paganism" and "polytheism," as well as the primary caveats associated with their use, are outlined in this article. Although both names are artificial inventions with added meaning, "polytheism" is thought to be less reliant on Christian beliefs.
2
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Rola pamięci w relacjach starożytnych Rzymian z bogami

100%
Musiał D.
Res Historica
|
2019
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issue 47
EN
In the article I discuss the role of rituals in the construction of religious memory. The concept of cultural memory of Jan Assman is the starting point of my research. In Rome, the social frame of social memory created the customs of ancestors, and historical examples, the places in the topography of Rome and figures from the past were ‘the figures’ of memory. The meticulous observance of the ritual characteristic of the Roman religion can be counted as an example of memory practices. Through the ritual people were confirming their memory of the gods and were reminding the gods of their expectations for them. The ritual was a kind of procedural memory that was connecting the Romans with their ancestors and the ancestral deities. Remembering and forgetting played an important role in many rituals related to, for example, the admission of foreign deities to the Roman pantheon. The memory was a form of godliness, which is why in various forms it was present in the images of Gods and ritual practice.
PL
W artykule omawiam rolę rytuałów w konstruowaniu pamięci religijnej. Punktem wyjścia moich badań jest koncepcja pamięci kulturowej Jana Assmana. W Rzymie społeczne ramy pamięci społecznej tworzył obyczaj przodków, a historyczne przykłady, miejsca w topografii Rzymu i postacie z przeszłości były ‘figurami’ pamięci. Skrupulatne przestrzeganie rytuału charakterystyczne dla religii rzymskiej można zaliczyć do praktyk pamięci. Za pomocą rytuału ludzie potwierdzali pamięć o bogach i przypominali bogom o swoich oczekiwaniach wobec nich. Rytuał był rodzajem pamięci proceduralnej łączącej Rzymian z przodkami i bóstwami przodków. Pamięć i zapominanie odgrywa ważną rolę w wielu rytuałach związanych na przykład z przyjmowaniem do rzymskiego panteonu obcych bóstw. Pamięć była formą pobożności, dlatego w różnych formach był obecna w wyobrażeniach o bogach i w praktyce rytualnej.
3
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Rola znaków wieszczych w relacjach starożytnych Rzymian z bogami

100%
Musiał D.
Przegląd Religioznawczy
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2023
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issue 3/289
87-95
EN
In the article I discuss the function of the prophetic signs in the Roman Religion. Signs (auguria, prodigia, omina) are one form of communication with the gods. The Romans dealt with the broad spectrum of signs related to public life. The prodigia for example indicate that peace with the gods has been disturbed. For special cases a collection of oracles written in Greek were consulted (the Sibylline books). Inspired and intuitive divination was mistrusted in Rome because it was uncontrollable.
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