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EN
John Paul II was one of the most unusual individuals in the Church history. He was able to not only draw the youths to himself, but also reach them with his message. The word in his hands became a perfect educational tool. It had to do with personalistic philosophy assumptions that shaped his way of seeing the educator’s mission and role and the attitude towards the pupils. In his influence, he used various means of persuasion – that is the hypothesis of the article. In order to verify it the article describes in short the most characteristic features of persuasion, than analyzes chosen fragments of homily to youth to show that the pope made the word into the effective means of educational influence.
PL
Jan Paweł II był jedną z niezwykłych osobowości w historii Kościoła. Potrafił nie tylko przyciągać do siebie młodzież, ale także docierać do niej ze swoim przesłaniem. Słowo stało się doskonałym narzędziem wychowawczym w jego rękach. Związane jest to z założeniami filozofii personalistycznej, które ukształtowały taki a nie inny sposób postrzegania misji i roli wychowawcy przez papieża oraz podejścia do wychowanków. W swoim oddziaływaniu Jan Paweł II sięgał po różnorodne środki perswazyjne – to hipoteza postawiona w artykule. W celu jej udowodnienia omówiono pokrótce cechy charakterystyczne perswazji, a następnie dokonano analizy wybranych fragmentów homilii do młodzieży, by wykazać, że papież przekształcił słowo w efektywny środek oddziaływania pedagogicznego.
EN
The internet has greatly altered the way that people and institutions communicate. One of the most recent changes is the growth of the Open Access (OA) model, where research articles are provided free of charge to readers online. Such changes are having a domino effect on traditional communication. In most cases, articles in professional journals have been evaluated by a strict peer-review system. However, due to the inherent problems with these peer reviews, such as the length of time it takes referees to complete their analysis and the reviewer’s personal biases and potential unethical behavior, there is a growing consensus that a different review method needs to be developed for OA articles. In addition, the internet has led to the development of many new professional journals, which range from poor to excellent, based on the articles accepted. Unfortunately, some journals are being published solely for monetary gain from high author fees. Presently, different review methods are being suggested or implemented for articles, such as ranking systems, online commentaries and crowdsourcing, Also, various institutions are publishing lists that rate academic journals on their quality level. Such experimentation of review models is important. However, after the trial period, the primary OA sources need to agree on using the same review model. Consistency of evaluation is critical for readers to be able to make objective comparisons of scholastic articles from one OA site to another.
EN
According to the general opinion in Poland, hearing a good sermon seems practically a miracle. Arguing with the above view, this article presents a volume of sermons entitled: With Christ in the liturgical year, which appeared in October 2011. Archbishop Jozef Michalik is the author of thought provoking and clever texts that can be found there. The article discusses the preaching characteristics of this Metropolitan Bishop of Przemysl. What have been highlighted here are: the wealth of homiletic materials, openness of the sermons to the ills of a contemporary social life in Poland and Europe, the inclusion of listeners in the course of argument, reasoning and argumentation, an exemplary of sermons and a variety of rhetorical figures used in them.
EN
Seeking the proper language for preaching was Fr. Tischner’s greatest pastoral challenge. In the simplicity of thought and language he expressed his respect for the recipient, whom he managed to charm with the word. He offered, but did not impose, his point of view upon recipients, and examined the word of God together with the audience. With his straightforward and fluent narration he invited his audience to enter the space of dialogue. The choice of linguistic measures makes the texts of sermons communicative, coherent, logical, orderly, carefully thought out in terms of invention, disposition and allocution. The speaker impresses us with his consequence, the discipline of speech, he avoids theological phrasings, uses the language devoid of pathos, overblown style, exaltation. Kazania starosądeckie (Starosądeckie sermons) combine wit and wisdom, philosophy and life.
PL
Seeking the proper language for preaching was Fr. Tischner’s greatest pastoral challenge. In the simplicity of thought and language he expressed his respect for the recipient, whom he managed to charm with the word. He offered, but did not impose, his point of view upon recipients, and examined the word of God together with the audience. With his straightforward and fluent narration he invited his audience to enter the space of dialogue. The choice of linguistic measures makes the texts of sermons communicative, coherent, logical, orderly, carefully thought out in terms of invention, disposition and allocution. The speaker impresses us with his consequence, the discipline of speech, he avoids theological phrasings, uses the language devoid of pathos, overblown style, exaltation. Kazania starosądeckie (Starosądeckie sermons) combine wit and wisdom, philosophy and life.
EN
The article addresses the problem of verbal aggression and the phenomenon of hate speech in contemporary social reality. It aims at defining these phenomena, depicting their examples and mapping the boundaries between freedom of speech and hate speech. The constitutive features of the language of aggression are examined within two categories: how people say something and why people say it in that way.
PL
Artykuł porusza problem agresji werbalnej i zjawiska mowy nienawiści we współczesnej rzeczywistości społecznej. Jest próbą określenia tych zjawisk, ukazania ich przykładów i wytyczenia granic między wolnością słowa a mową nienawiści. Konstytutywne cechy języka agresji rozpatrywane są w odniesieniu do dwóch kategorii: jak mówią i dlaczego ludzie tak mówią.
Polonia Sacra
|
2021
|
vol. 25
|
issue 4
135-149
EN
Universal internet access and technological innovation in posting audio and video content online has become a new media and social reality, which requires reconsidering the way God’s Word is preached in the modern world. New technologies offer new chances and greater opportunities to influence recipients who seek answers not only to existential, but also to spiritual, religious and transcendental questions. The more prominent online presence of God’s Word preachers and expanding their competences to include coaching and influencer’s skills creates opportunities for more fruitful evangelism and more effective presentation of evangelical content.
PL
Powszechność Internetu, innowacyjność technologiczna w publikowaniu treści audio i video w sieci internetowej to nowa rzeczywistość medialna i społeczna, która domaga się zrewidowania sposobu głoszenia słowa Bożego we współczesnym świecie. Nowe technologie stwarzają nowe szanse i większe możliwości wpływu na odbiorców poszukujących odpowiedzi nie tylko na egzystencjalne, ale także na duchowe, religijne i transcendentalne pytania. Większa obecność głosicieli słowa Bożego w Internecie oraz poszerzenie ich kompetencji o umiejętności coachingowe i influencerskie stwarza szanse do efektywniejszej ewangelizacji i skuteczniejszej prezentacji treści ewangelicznych.
EN
Towards the progressing process of globalisation, of disappearing border spatial and temporary, permeations of cultures extremely leading the opened and authentic intercultural dialogue is significant. Implementing the dialogue of cultures already on the level of the early education is justified, then it is combining with the forming of attitudes of the tolerance and the respect. Simultaneously it is important in order to develop the cultural identity and the national identity, with implication of what keeping feeling the own individualis. A presentation of the academic achievements associated with the cross-cultural education, as well as the current tendencies in the development of this area and appearing problems concerning the need of leaving to cultural borderlands is a purpose of the article.
PL
Wobec postępującego procesu globalizacji, zanikania granic przestrzennych, wzajemnego przenikania się kultur, niezwykle istotnym jest prowadzenie otwartego i autentycznego dialogu międzykulturowego. Wyzwaniem nowych czasów staje się więc potrzeba rzetelnej edukacji wielokulturowej już na poziomie wczesnej edukacji promującej dialog kultur, połączonej z kształtowaniem postaw tolerancji i szacunku. Nieodzowna jest także potrzeba budowania tożsamości kulturowej i narodowej dającej poczucie własnej indywidualności. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja dorobku naukowego związanego z edukacją międzykulturową, a także aktualnych tendencji w rozwoju tego obszaru i pojawiających się problemów dotyczących potrzeby wychodzenia na pogranicza kulturowe.
EN
The literature review explores the influence of family and religion on youth decisions in higher education. The study examines articles on how parental influence and religion impact the youth’s horizons of actions. The research identified three significant influencers linked to academic performance and college readiness: parental figures, educators and peers. Parental influence has become an emergent factor in enrolling in higher education. Parental guidance and experience can impact willingness to enroll in higher education and highlight the importance of obtaining a college degree. The findings of this study may be used to create resources for parents that did not attend college or those in lower socioeconomic status communities to more readily gain access to college information, which may aid in the enrollment process.
PL
Der vorliegende Artikel stellt einen Versuch der Besprechung der wichtigsten Tendenzen in der Sprachstruktur der Rundfunkpredigten von der Heiligkreuz-Kirche dar. Es wird mit der Berücksichtigung von solchen stilistischen Eigenschaften wie: Kommunikativität, dialogische Fähigkeiten und Emotionalität getan. Die Autoren der ausschlaggebenden Mehrheit von den Rundfunkpredigten bedienen sich einfacher, stilistisch und grammatisch einwandfreier Sprache, mit klarer, übersichtlicher Satzstruktur und logischer und geschlossener Aussagenkonstruktion. Die Dialogfähigkeit wird meistens durch die Anwendung der 1. Person Plural vom Verb erreicht, sowie durch die Begabung der Einfühlung in die Situation eines anderen Menschen. Anhäufung von Nebensätzen, Überfluss an rhetorischen Figuren, Verwunderung  der Hörer mit den negativen Emotionen, Unverständlichkeit der Anspielungen und Abstraktion der Sprache, Neigung zu poetischen Ausdrücken und sentimentalischer Rührung, übertriebene sowie unbegründete Aufführung von Zitaten, sie alle verursachen Hindernisse in der Dialogaufnahme mit dem Predigtempfänger. Durch die Anwendung solcher stilistischen Mittel wie: Antonymie, exclamatio (Ausrufung, Interjektion), rhetorische Fragen, anaphorische Wiederholungen, Antithese, elliptische Konstruktionen, Metaphern, erreichen die Autoren in ihren Aussagen einen hohen Grad an Ausdruckkraft, zugleich aber gestalten sie eine spezifische, emotionale Atmosphäre. In den untersuchten Texten stellt man sukzessive Abweichung von den Regeln der klassischen Poetik und Rhetorik in Richtung von der Technik der kommunikativen Überlieferung fest.
EN
The contents of the article contain an analysis of Benedict XVI’s speech delivered in Auschwitz-Birkenau during his first pilgrimage to Poland in 2006. The author subjects the papal speech to rhetorical analysis, which aims to display reciprocal relations between three most important domains of rhetoric: invention, disposition, and elocution. The author pays particular attention to the arguments that the Pope utilises referring to three sources: the Bible, history, literature and the present. The analogy of these areas, thanks to rhetorical amplification, serves to extract and reveal the depth of historical ideas. The papal speech, filled with biblical references, is a clear lecture of faith and a moving manifesto in honour of good and the need for interpersonal love. According to Benedict XVI, Auschwitz-Birkenau, that he called the largest European cemetery, should become a symbol of hope and reconcili- ation of the nations of modern Europe.
EN
In der gegenwärtigen Verkündigung des Wortes Gottes spielt die Veranschaulichung der Überlieferung eine nicht zu überschätzende Rolle. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird es sehr wichtig, dass man den Predigern nicht nur auf die Funktion des Bildes in der Verkündigung, sondern auch auf die Art und Weise seines Entstehens auf der narrativen Ebene aufmerksam macht. Während die Kenner der Homiletik die Notwendigkeit des Auftretens der Bildeigenschaften in den Predigten betonen, erinnern sie gleichzeitig daran, dass der moderne, von der „Bild-Zivilisation“ gestaltete Mensch, „immer mehr sehen als hören“ möchte. Der vorliegende, die Rundfunkpredigten von der Heiligkreuz-Kirche analysierende Aufsatz, nimmt auf und bringt zugleich nahe die Problematik der Notwendigkeit des Bildes in der Wort-Gottes-Verkündigung. Der Artikel stellt die Erzählungsform als eine wichtige Möglichkeit der Glaubensüberlieferung dar, behandelt das Problem der Aktualisierung evangelischen Werte, bringt das von den Predigten gestaltete synästhetische Weltbild nahe und analysiert die Rolle des Zitats und Beispiels (exemplum) bei der Gestaltung der Bildhaftigkeit einer Predigt. Darüber hinaus überprüft der Aufsatz in seinem letzten Teil die in den gegenwärtigen Rundfunkpredigten meist verwendeten Redefiguren
|
2020
|
vol. 67
|
issue 12
121-136
EN
The purpose of this article is to investigate, on the example of several preaching texts, a diversity of functions, types, and variants of rhetorical questions used in contemporary homiletics (subiectio, communicatio, dubitatio, interrogatio), primarily in terms of illocution, including the appropriateness, effectiveness, and adequacy of their use in a specific part of the sermon.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prześledzenie na przykładzie kilkudziesięciu tekstów kaznodziejskich różnorodności stosowanych we współczesnej homiletyce funkcji, typów i wariantów pytań retorycznych (subiectio, communicatio, dubitatio, interrogatio) przede wszystkim w aspekcie illokucyjnym, z uwzględnieniem zasadności, skuteczności oraz adekwatności ich użycia w określonej części kazania.
EN
Contemporary preaching practice stresses the importance of very well prepared introduction, which structures the sermon, making it clear and transparent. It also facilitates communication between the speaker - the preacher, and the recipients - the listeners. The purpose of this article is to attempt a critical look at the introductions of contemporary sermons in the light of guidelines, which for this important part of the text were outlined by philosophers of ancient rhetoric and preaching. Deliberation presented in this article is the result of much discussion regarding the practical realization of the principles of composition of the introduction. Material submitted for analysis of preaching style comes from “The Radio Sermons of the Holy Cross Church in Warsaw” collections. The intention of this article’s author is to inspire preachers to reflect on the construction process of the introduction in their unique sermons and homilies. An ingenious preacher’s main responsibility is to surprise his listeners, to waken their interest, to free them from everyday routine from the beginning, so that in the end, they will be inspired to reach for supernatural reality and be led to God.
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