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Slovotvorné "excesy" ve starší češtině?

100%
Nejedlý P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 5
322-331
EN
The word “neústrojný” (inorganic) is used in lexicography to describe some Old and Middle Czech lexical units. It designates lexical units with unusual word-formative structure and timelimited usage, as well as those on the boundary of the word-formative system. The contemporary Czech lexicological terms “neologism” and especially “occasional word” are essentially very close to this categorization. In spite of the fact that lexical units described using these terms often disrupt the word-formative system of the given time period, we understand them as peripheral components, as the (unsuccessful) results of intuitive attempts at systemic changes, and as manifestations of the developmental dynamics of the word-formative system.
2
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Odborný i etický karambol

100%
Nejedlý P.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 2
263-267
EN
This contribution critically deals with the article by Markéta Maturová (in Jazykovědné aktuality 2018) in which she describes several extinct so-called nickname place names in a very superficial and inaccurate way. Moreover, she exploits a bachelor thesis of her student in many details without giving regular bibliographical references.
3
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Enantiosémie jako výsledek vývojových procesů:

100%
Nejedlý P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2014
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vol. 75
|
issue 3
181-192
EN
Enantiosemy describes a situation in which a lexical unit acquires opposing meanings as a result of long-term semantic development. In this article, using several examples from Old Czech, I show how the enantiosemic status of words results from the development of lexical units or (sub-)systems. In the first example, the verb ublížit (to harm) has gained (on the background of words blízký, bližní, přiblížit, etc.) negative conceptual content through the systemic usage of the directional meaning of the prefix u-. In another example, the verb odpravit has changed its meaning from ‘to arrange regularly’ to ‘to murder’ during its own complicated semantic development (‘to make sth rightly’ → ‘to punish sb rightly’ → ‘to put sb to death’ → ‘to murder’). Finally, it is shown that the meanings ‘to love’ and ‘to hate’ of the Old Czech verb náviděti have become the result of a double progressive artificially-created opposition to the initial common Slavic nenáviděti – the previous concept, presented both in linguistic and in popular literature on its polysemy, is thus incorrect.
4
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Z raněnovočeského slovníku: odkud se vzal sluzej

100%
Nejedlý P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2023
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vol. 106
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issue 4
240-243
EN
The paper deals with the peripheral Czech lexeme sluzej ʻbridge beamʼ. This word was analyzed in the journal Naše řeč as early as in 1923. The current paper corrects the assumption of the author at that time that the noun was adopted from another Slavic language in relatively recent times, and confirms its direct borrowing from German in the early modern period. The spelling of this lexeme, however, was different from the one reconstructed by etymologists so far.
5
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Poezie Václava Hanky na pozadí lidových písní sebraných jeho otcem

100%
Nejedlý P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2024
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vol. 85
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issue 2
112-126
EN
The writer, translator, Slavist and museum curator Václav Hanka (1791–1861) was, among other things, the author of many poems that are usually evaluated as a more or less successful echoes of folk poetry. We can confront the degree of their “folkiness” with the texts in the collection of folk songs that his father acquired for his own use. This collection represents in itself a remarkable document of contemporary private collecting carried out without higher artistic or scientific ambitions. If we compare Hanka’s poems with the folklore texts in his father’s collection, we can see that the poet appropriately used many of the structural elements of the text that are characteristic of a folk song. Nevertheless, Hanka’s poems remained in their essence entirely in the field of literary creation. This is all the more true if we realise how vague and practically indeterminate the contemporary understanding of folklore was.
6
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Kruh přátel českého jazyka v akademickém roce 2014/2015

45%
Adam R., Harvalík M., Koupil O., Nejedlý P., Vaňková I.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2016
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vol. 99
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issue 1
49-51
EN
This article is a report on the talks in The Circle of the Friends of the Czech Language in the academic year 2014/2015.
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