The goal of the paper is to present in a brief digest of the basic points of Masaryk's concept of religion and above all to point at his relationship to Christianity. The text presents the most significant life, social, philosophical and religious influences upon Masaryk's thought and it gives notice to some less stressed connections that formed his attitude to the Christian faith. One part of the paper is also a sufficient mapping of opinions and critical assessments of other authors of his time as well as contemporary ones that gave heed to Masaryk's theory of religion.
The paper deals with a specific stream in the philosophical atheism of the 20th century and examines certain reflections of German, especially protestant, philosophers and theologians. Their secular concept of religious faith (Christianity without religion), especially Bultmann's concept of demythologisation, is compared to the Jewish interpretation of the Ten Commandments (the second and third commandments). The paper aims to discover some points of contact to enable a dialogue between these streams.
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