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Metallic idiophones of the Early History Period from the archaeological collection of the Slovakian National Museum in Bratislava

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Pomberger B. M., Mühlhans J., Saunderson K.
Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia
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2022
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issue 116
355-278
EN
Sixteen Avarian pellet bells and seven Roman bells housed in the Archaeological Slovak National Museum in Bratislava were investigated within the framework of the research project “Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe”. They originate from Bratislava-Rusovce (Roman Gerulata), Bratislava-Jarovce, Židovská ulica in Bratislava, Vištuk, Komárno, and Streda nad Bodrogom, and the Avar-period cemetery Bratislava-Devínska Nová Ves (cemetery I), Bratislava-Záhorska Bystrica and Bratislava-Rusovce (site: Pri cintoríne). Due to their find positions they can give information about their function. Analyses on their sounds, their psychoacoustic features as well as their chemical compositions were carried out. Textile traces on one pellet bell were analysed. Comparisons of the existence of pellet bells in contemporary cultures are presented.
2

PELLET BELLS FROM THE AVAR AGE CEMETERIES OF KOMÁRNO

100%
Pomberger B. M., Muhlhans J., Saunderson K., Gromer K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 1
99 – 131
EN
The pellet bells from 15 graves of the Avar cemeteries Komárno IV, VIII and IX were examined for their position in the graves, their types, their acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters and their metallurgical compositions within the framework of the research project ‘Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe’. Based on the results, assumptions could be made about their functions. Burials with pellet bells are only a minority among all the total amount of burials of all three cemeteries together and date from the middle Avar period II onwards. Only five graves belonged to children. These pellet bells can be interpreted as amulets and rather silent signal instruments, fixed on the clothes of the persons. The other ten graves belonged to horsemen and their horses. These pellet bells were part of the horse harness and served as jewellery, warning signal instrument and amulet. Most of the pellet bells were hammered of bronze sheet, and followed by those cast in bronze. But there are also pellet bells hammered of iron, copper and brass sheet. Their main frequencies could be determined between 1.5 – 4.5 kHz. Acoustic and psychoacoustic parameters can help to identify also similarities and differences between the objects and to get an idea of the actual sound. Especially loudness and level can also be used to draw conclusions about the use of the objects. A video with the original sounds of the pellet bells was created and loaded up on the internet platform Youtube: ‘Pellet Bells from the Avar Period in Komárno’.
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