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EN
The author is showing from cultural point of view of the social and cultural circumstance which cause associating the strike with the certain form of celebrating (in the neutral, not judging meaning of this word). In this purpose he uses the Jerzy Kmita’s social-regulating theory of the culture for analysis of strikes of all sorts social-professional groups in 1981.
EN
Idea of regionalism appeared in Province in late nineteenth century in a particular cultural moment in the history of France. At the turn of century it spread across the Europe. In Poland ‘regionalism’ became popular during the interwar period as it has been adopted in institutional and organizational way. However, the term has begun to function in an ordinary usage and became a part of the common-sense only since last two decades. Nowadays, the term ‘regionalism’ exists in three meanings: (1) regional ideology, consciousness, or identity; (2) overall of cultural efforts undertaken within a region which determine its uniqueness and originality (such efforts continue spontaneously although they may be also guided institutionally and purposely in order to preserve the identity of region); (3) sociocultural movement whose activities seek to popularize regional consciousness. The contemporary regional movement declares to fulfill tasks which represent continuation of the aims of regional activity in Second Polish Republic. However, it focuses on spreading regional tradition rather than on activity aiming at ‘creation of present day’, i.e. on attempt to intervene in social processes within local or regional boundaries (e.g. transformation and modernization which constitute the contemporary reality and regional differentiation). According to sociologists, present ‘Wielo-Polska’ (‘Multi-Poland’) encompasses fields defined by wealth, inhabitants, citizen activities and absenteeism, development and level of education among the population, level and scale of foreign investment, and technological innovation. The contemporary regional movement should consider this matter. It has to try to activate local and regional communities, promote enterprise, civic engagement, pro-innovation attitudes, and educational aspirations. Nonetheless, it has also to take into account regional and local traditions. This general and complex task defines the sense of contemporary regionalism.
EN
The development of the concept of holiness is associated with the cultural process of separating the practical activity and the primary magical beliefs, termed by Max Weber's the ‘disenchantment of the world’. As a result, the sphere of human activity was divided into the sacred and the profane. Holiness was generally associated with the operation of variously recognised supernatural factors. In the Judeo-Christian tradition, it is an attribute of God's holiness. As a generalisation of all the virtues, it is endowed with the ethical dimension. The moral dimension of holiness and the specific rules of behaviour towards the sacred are reflected in everyday language,several sayings and proverbs.
PL
In the magical-religious folk worldview the basic division of time separatedthe temporal time from the eternal time. The first one consists of the cycle of human life where the livelihood of agricultural communities defined by the annual pace of seasonschanges in the nature. The most important dates for a traditional farmer organizationof his work on the farm were marked by holidays and special days devoted toa specific Saint. The eternal time is situated in a completely different dimension. It is theafterlife, “the second world” or “the other world” – a form of the space-time where thespiritual beings exist. From it souls and spirits penetrate into the human world. Theyfulfill specific tasks, voluntarily or recalled by the people who host them during specialmoments of the ritual year.
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