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Špatně informovaní entuziasté?

100%
Loewenstein B.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
|
2008
|
vol. 15
|
issue 3-4
450-464
EN
In this essay the author examines how some general trends in modern history were projected into the reform movement of the ‘Prague Spring’ of 1968. He considers differences in the ideas about Socialism held by the Czechoslovak reformers on the one hand and the left-leaning members of the public in the West on the other, differences conditioned chiefly by different historical experiences. He compares the importance of the ideological and the technocratic ways of thinking in the reform process, and considers the share of the nationalist factor, the effect of emerging public opinion, and the participation of non-Communist members of the public in the process. With the suppression of the ‘Prague Spring’, he argues, Socialism as an historical project probably missed its last chance to free itself from its policebureaucratic incarnation and to become an attractive modern alternative.
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O užitečnosti a neprospěchu pojmu totalitarismu při zpětném pohledu na starší koncepty

100%
Loewenstein B.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
|
2009
|
issue 4
674-687
EN
This article assesses Miloš Havelka’s hypothesis of a totalitarian era in Czech history from four different points of view. First it examines the use of the term ‘totalitarianism’ in post-war Czech political discourse. Among other things, the author points out that the term was used only rhetorically, polemically, and temporarily applied, particularly when someone or something was termed ‘Fascist.’ The second point concerns the prevalent contemporary conception of a totalitarian continuity in Czech society after the Munich crisis. In this context the author points out that émigré literature, as long as emotional strength is complemented by a degree of self-criticism, offers valuable insights. The third part examines the degree to which the concept of totalitarianism, which came to be accepted from the 1950s onwards, is applicable to Czech society. When applied to the 1950s, also taking into account the concept of a ‘political religion’, the answer is that it is indeed applicable. The last part of article takes a critical look at the attempts to de-totalize (de-Stalinize) society in the 1960s. In a digression, this part offers an interpretation of the efforts at research into the Fascism of this period, which reveal that an irrational animosity to civilization is common to both totalitarian systems.
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