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EN
This article deals with three representatives of Reformation theology and their teachings on sin and guilt. Sin is a theological category that expresses the relationship of man coram Deo. Luther’s teaching speaks of sin as a change in one’s status toward radical rejection of trust in God. Guilt is forgiven in the process of salvation, but as it is expressed in Luther’s teaching about simul iustus et peccator, one’s entire life remains to be repentant. In Schleiermacher’s thought, sin is a change in self‑consciousness, and guilt is not greatly emphasised. Kierkegaard presents sin as a change of subject in the individual. Guilt is part of present existence and should be constantly present in genuine repentance. These approaches have in common the avoidance of the moralization of sin.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
|
issue 6
475 – 486
EN
Luther’s theological anthropology with its emphasis on radical understanding of (original) sin and on lacking liberty, as far as salvation is concerned, is most prominent in his discussion with Erasmus of Rotterdam. Luther’s views require a discriminate approach. His critical view of the capabilities of human reason stems from soteriological emphasis on salvation as God’s activity for the sake of humans. Luther’s positive appraisal of human reason was developed in the context of his doctrine of two realms. Natural law as the Golden Rule is seen as a suitable ethical principle in searching for justice and welfare in human society – for Christians and Non-Christians alike. The author points out to the secular aspects in Luther’s theology and underlines his positive judgment of the society governed by reason.
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