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Sculptures from the pyramid complex of Djedkare Isesi at South Saqqara. A preliminary report

100%
Megahed M.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2016
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issue 17
24-33
EN
After more than sixty years since the first investigation of the pyramid complex of King Djedkare Isesi at South Saqqara, the monument keeps adding to our knowledge a great amount of information concerning the architecture and the decorative program of the royal pyramid complexes in the late Fifth Dynasty. In addition, Djedkare’s pyramid complex, where djed-pillars, fragments of kneeling captive statues, sphinxes, lion statues and a small statue of the king himself were found, provides us with material about the royal statuary program. This article presents these sculptures, hoping to complete a detailed publication in the near future.
2
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Džedkareův pyramidový komplex: nové doklady o konci 5. dynastie

100%
Megahed M.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2019
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issue 22
68-80
EN
The pyramid complex of King Djedkare in South Saqqara is a key monument for our understanding of the history of the late Fifth and early Sixth Dynasties and of the social and religious transformations of that period. Despite its exploration in the 1940s and 1950s, neither the architecture of this monument nor its relief decoration and other finds have been fully documented and published. The current mission working in Djedkare’s pyramid complex therefore has three main aims to fulfil: 1. to document its preserved architecture in detail and provide a precise plan of the funerary temple; 2. to consolidate the badly damaged parts of the substructure of the king’s pyramid; 3. to document and catalogue the relief fragments collected in the funerary temple both by the previous and the current missions, and then to analyse the decorative program of the monument. A large part of the king’s funerary temple has been documented since 2010, revealing many details which were not or could not be noticed by the earlier explorers. The monument included the usual parts of a funerary temple but also some buildings which cannot be found in other Old Kingdom royal complexes. These include above all the two massifs situated in the eastern part, or an enigmatic building, today entirely gone, which was constructed in the southern part of the precinct. In 2018, the mission uncovered the northern part of the king’s precinct, which had not been explored previously and which revealed a high number of secondary burials from later periods of Egyptian history. Underneath these later layers, the remains of the architecture were documented belonging to the king’s monuments as well as to a smaller pyramid complex of his queen, which is neighbouring the king’s monument in the north. The mission not only uncovered and documented the southern part of the queen’s precinct including its entrance but also succeeded in finding the name and title of the owner of this unusual (and until that time anonymous) complex, the king’s wife, Setibhor.
CS
Pyramidový komplex panovníka Džedkarea v jižní Sakkáře je klíčovým monumentem pro porozumění historického vývoje pozdní 5. a rané 6. dynastie, stejně jako společenských a náboženských změn, které v té době probíhaly. Přestože byl zkoumán ve 40. a 50. letech 20. století, jeho architektura ani zbytky reliéfní výzdoby nebyly dosud nikdy zcela zdokumentovány ani publikovány. Současná archeologická expedice zkoumající Džedkareův pyramidový komplex si proto klade tři hlavní cíle: 1. podrobně zdokumentovat dochované části architektury a pořídit přesný plán zádušního chrámu; 2. konsolidovat a restaurovat poničené části substruktury královy pyramidy; 3. zdokumentovat a katalogizovat fragmenty reliéfní výzdoby shromážděné v zádušním chrámu dřívějšími výkopci i současnou expedicí, analyzovat výzdobný program památky. Od roku 2010 se podařilo dokončit dokumentaci velké části králova zádušního chrámu, a to včetně řady detailů, jež dřívější archeologové neodhalili. Chrám zahrnoval nejen obvyklé součásti, ale také stavby, které v jiných královských komplexech Staré říše nenajdeme. Především jsou to dva tzv. masivy ve východní části chrámu a rovněž enigmatická budova, dnes zcela zničená, jež kdysi stála v jižní části okrsku. Roku 2018 expedice odkryla severní část králova okrsku. Nikdy dříve nebyla zkoumána a nacházelo se zde velké množství sekundárních pohřbů z pozdějších období egyptských dějin. Po odstranění těchto pozdějších vrstev byly zdokumentovány dochované části architektury patřící jak k chrámu krále, tak i k menšímu okrsku jeho královny (ten s ním sousedí na severu). Expedice zde odkryla a zdokumentovala jižní část královnina zádušního chrámu včetně jeho vstupu. Navíc se zde podařilo nalézt jméno a tituly majitelky tohoto nezvyklého a do nynějška anonymního komplexu. Byla jí královská manželka Setibhor.
3
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The tomb of Khuwy at Djedkare’s royal cemetery at South Saqqara. Preliminary report on the 2019 spring season

63%
Megahed M., Vymazalová H.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2019
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issue 23
37-48
EN
The royal necropolis surrounding the pyramid complex of Djedkare at South Saqqara is largely unexplored. In the 2019 spring season, the Egyptian mission uncovered a large mastaba in the north-east part of the necropolis. This tomb belonged to Khuwy, and it boasts some features with royal connotations, including an altar with two Sn-symbols, the plan of the substructure reflecting the royal pyramids, and mummification of the body of the owner. In addition, the tomb provides us with one of the earliest attested decorated burial chambers, specifically the antechamber in the substructure. The wall paintings, which are very well preserved, comprise many motifs related to the provisioning of the deceased, as attested in later Old Kingdom examples of decorated burial chambers. Besides this, however, these paintings include some themes uncommon in substructures at that time, namely the tomb owner sitting at an offering table and sailing boats. The uncovered evidence seems to point to a late Fifth Dynasty date of the tomb (perhaps Djedkare/Unas) and indicates a high social status of the tomb owner, Khuwy, who was highly likely very close to the royal family.
4
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Vysoká přehrada: projekt a jeho důsledky

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Megahed M., Vymazalová H.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2015
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issue 14
10-16
EN
The project of the High Dam at Aswan is a continuation of an ancient tradition. The Egyptian pharaohs since the earliest periods of the Egyptian history made an effort to control the use of water of the Nile inundation for the benefit of the country’s agriculture. Careful records of the height of the Nile flood, building of barrages and dams, and digging of irrigation canals all belonged to the ancient Egyptians’means of helping prosperity and avoiding crop failure even during the years of too high or too low inundation. Similar to the ancient projects, the modern buildings, such as the Aswan dam, also provided only a partial solution to the problem. The High Dam at Aswan on the other hand brought a lasting possibility of collecting water in a large artificial lake, and of its use in agriculture regardless of the actual yearly volume of the river. In addition, the production of electricity enabled the necessary industrial development of Egypt. Despite the benefits of the project of the High Dam for Egypt, however, a number of problems arose, including the urgent need of saving the monuments of Lower Nubia. The Egyptian call to the UNESCO was answered in 1959, and the international salvage campaign started soon after, in which – besides many other countries – the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology participated.
5
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Exploration of the pyramid complex of King Djedkare: 2019 fall season

63%
Megahed M., Jánosi P.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2020
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issue 25
90-102
EN
The recent fieldwork of the Egyptian mission in the pyramid temple of King Djedkare focused on cleaning and documenting three major areas. The temple area immediately south of the columned courtyard provided no firm evidence for reconstructing the layout and sizes of the once existing rooms. Almost all of the floor and wall blocks have disappeared here. Clearing the southeast corner of the king’s pyramid revealed that all its casing blocks and backing stones were missing in that part. Further north of this area, however, a section of the original casing still remained, attesting to the pyramid’s slope of 51–52°. The entire clearance of the inner temple has provided further important information as to the sizes and layout of the rooms. Most interestingly, the vestibule of Djedkare’s inner temple seems to be of unique form and size not found in other pyramid temples. Equally remarkable is the fact that all the western rooms (including the offering hall as well) of this inner temple extended into the masonry of the pyramid beyond its baseline.
6
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Djedkare’s pyramid complex: Preliminary report of the 2016 season

51%
Megahed M., Jánosi P., Vymazalová H.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2017
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issue 19
37-52
EN
The article presents the results of the 2016 archaeological season of the Egyptian mission in the pyramid complex of King Djedkare in South Saqqara. The works focused on the western part of the causeway where remains of a drainage was documented, and on the storerooms situated to the south of the entrance passage. During this work, also the north side of the so-called southern massive was cleaned. Besides the funerary temple, also the private cemetery located to the south-east of it started to be documented in this season. A mud brick structure, MS 1, was cleaned; it consisted of six shafts with vaulted burial chambers. Only one of the chambers (in shaft 5) was cased with limestone slabs, which bear a well preserved painted decoration. This burial chamber belonged to Pepyankh Setju and can be dated to the late Sixth Dynasty. Another part of the work in 2016 concentrated inside the pyramid of the king. The consolidation and restoration works were carried out in the burial apartments, concentrating on the missing part of the eastern wall of the antechamber and the core behind it.
7
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Djedkare’s pyramid complex: Preliminary report of the 2017 season

51%
Megahed M., Jánosi P., Vymazalová H.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2018
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issue 21
34-44
EN
During the fieldwork in the pyramid complex of King Djedkare in the 2017 season, the Egyptian mission focused on consolidation works inside the pyramid and on the exploration and documentation of the south-eastern part of the king’s funerary temple. The consolidation works in the substructure of the pyramid focused on the north walls of the antechamber and the burial chamber. The south-eastern part of the funerary temple (T.h) had suffered heavily from stone reuse in later periods, and almost nothing survived of its original architecture. The preserved foundation blocks nevertheless revealed the ground plan of several long rooms and a corridor. The external enclosure wall of the funerary temple had been entirely dismantled in this area, but its foundation survived further east along the south massif (T.i area).
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Exploration of the pyramid complex of King Djedkare: season 2018

51%
Megahed M., Jánosi P., Vymazalová H.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2019
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issue 23
12-36
EN
During the latest fieldwork in the pyramid complex of King Djedkare in the 2018 season, the Egyptian mission focused on cleaning and documentation of the central and northern parts of the king’s funerary temple, including the open courtyard (T.e), and the north court (T.o). In addition, archaeological exploration was pursued in the area between the king’s northern portico, the northern massif, and the south wall of the queen’s pyramid (T.g area), which had not been explored previously. Thus, this area constitutes a valuable source of evidence showing that this area was used as a dump during the late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period and as a burial ground from the late Second Intermediate Period probably until the Ptolemaic and Roman times. Besides the burials, remains of the architecture of the king’s and queen’s precincts were documented, which allowed us to distinguish precisely between the king’s and the queen’s funerary temples; also, many relief fragments were uncovered, revealing not only details of the queen’s decorative program but also her name and titles, which had been unknown to scholars until now. Finally, one of the main tasks included the consolidation work in the substructure of the king’s pyramid, focusing on the north walls of its antechamber and burial chamber.
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