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Bronze-Age stone tumuli on Planinica Hill, obš. Tuzi, Montenegro

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Bugaj U., Lutovac P., Bogacki M., Trzeciecki M., Novak M.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

2013

vol. 65

427–433

Tumuli in Montenegro are regarded as Bronze and Early Iron Age structures, but the majority of those sites have not been explored. The archaeological record indicates significant differences in their construction. The tumuli on Planinica — the first investigated stone burial mounds in Montenegro — regarding their construction, have analogies with the Early Bronze Age site of Rječani near Nikšić only, they do not compare with sites with a later chronology. Giving the state of research on the topic however, it should be pointed out that this is only hinted at. The Brillenspirale found in the sarcophagus of Tumulus II, based on finds from the comprehensively published site Velika Gruda near Tivat, indicates a much later date — to the Late Bronze Age. The minimum number of 7 individuals (probably males) buried in Tumulus II — fitting the ancestral pattern — encourages the interpretation of a long-term burial.

Remains of the Neglected Past. Ottoman Forts on Planinica Hill, Montenegro

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Bugaj U., Lutovac P., Trzeciecki M., Bogacki M., Chwiej M., Novak M., Polak Z.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

2014

vol. 66

385–398

Planinica — a hill situated on the edge of a vast mountain range delimited to the south-east by the Zeta Plain. It is a part of historical region known as Malesija inhabited mainly by the Albanians. During the field research on Planinica in 2012–2013 a group of stone structures was documented. It consists of circular stone tower surrounded by quadrilateral wall, several small enclosures of trapezoid or pentagonal plan and a network of roads leading to the top of the hill. The arrangement of the buildings indicates that the most likely function was military. They can be described as an observatory tower surrounded by small auxiliary forts. The complex of stone structures on Planinica was most probably built by the Turks after 1878 as a part of system of fortifications guarding newly established Turkish-Montenegrin border. The border survived until the Balkan War in 1912. After that Planinica was no longer been a point of military interest and the forts on its top have undergone progressive destruction. The stone structures on Planinica are not mentioned either in archaeological or historical publications in Montenegro, except the watchtower, which is interpreted as a prehistoric burial mound destroyed by the Turks. The buildings on Planinica hill remain “in the shadow” of the prehistoric stone tumuli, which represent a positively valorised, very distant past.

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2 Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

2 Bogacki M.

2 Bugaj U.

2 Lutovac P.

2 Novak M.

2 Trzeciecki M.

1 Chwiej M.

1 Polak Z.

1 2014

1 2013

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Bronze-Age stone tumuli on Planinica Hill, obš. Tuzi, Montenegro

Remains of the Neglected Past. Ottoman Forts on Planinica Hill, Montenegro