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PL
Polska i inne kraje Unii Europejskiej stoją przed wyzwaniem dotyczącym wdrażania pojazdów elektrycznych. Tematem artykułu są kwestie ekonomiczne i społeczne, jakie muszą zostać ustalone w procesie implementacji napędu elektrycznego w motoryzacji. Dokonano przeglądu dokumentów strategicznych oraz światowych publikacji przedmiotowych i na ich podstawie zdefiniowano dylematy ekonomiczne procesu rozwoju elektromobilności. W artykule zwrócono także uwagę na społeczne aspekty tego procesu, zwłaszcza w zakresie akceptacji społecznej innowacyjnej technologii. Wskazano, że rozwój elektromobilności może wspomóc pogłębienie społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu w aspekcie ochrony środowiska naturalnego przez branżę motoryzacyjną.
EN
Poland and other European Union countries face the challenge of the electric vehicles’ implementation. Social and economic challenges that must be solved in the process of electric vehicles’ implementation in the automotive industry are in the scope of the article. Basing on the review of the strategic documents and papers published worldwide, economic dilemmas of the electromobility development process are defined. Attention was also paid to the social aspects of this process, especially in terms of social acceptance of the innovative technology. It is indicated that the development of electromobility can assist in deepening the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in terms of environmental protection by the automotive industry.
EN
Because of the need of introducing ecologically clean transport technologies, activities bound up with using electric propulsion in motor vehicles operating in public transport are undertaken. Technical and operational possibilities of introducing electric–powered buses to the communal public transport are shown in the article. The operation of that kind of fleet requires appropriate technical infrastructure involving charging electric-powered urban transport. Simultaneously, former experiences show strong mutual connection between technical sphere and organizational system of communal public transport in agglomerations. Hence, essential significance among other things is given to the layout of the functioning bus lines network and the organisation of bus operations on the lines (timetable). The models of the technical, organizational, economical and ecological links enabling optimal choice of type of bus propulsion were worked out, with the aim of solving this problem rationally.
EN
Foresight method is gaining support around the world as a powerful tool that creates common views on future development strategies. It is characterized by a unique feature, which is the maximum participation of stakeholders and experts. The paper presents examples of the results of research carried out based upon the expert methods of foresight procedures. Special attention was paid to different methods of identification and involvement of experts in implementing the projects. The methodology of foresight projects was brought closer, with particular emphasis on those methods which are based on expert knowledge - such as the Delphi technique, panel discussion, brainstorming, STEEP and SWOT analysis methods, public consultation and the scenarios formulation. The result of foresight exploration based on knowledge of experts is the formation of a wide vision of the future development of economy and technology, which helps to make decisions on an effective, long-term strategy of the government, enterprises and scientific institutions. Key words: experts knowledge, foresight.
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