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MEASURING THE RISK OF IMMIGRATION RELATED CONFLICTS

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Maasing H., Nahkur O., Roots A., Ainsaar M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

2021

vol. 24

issue 4

1 - 24

In order to systematically monitor immigration-related conflict in society, the authors have constructed a theoretical composite conflict risk index for measuring immigration-related conflict risk at a subnational level. The index is called MICRI, short for immigration-related conflict risk index. The index offers new input to the quantitative conflict risk modelling by including subjective indicators, which usually are missing from risk indices, along with objective indicators. The reason behind that is the growing understanding between scholars that groups´ perceived grievances play an important role in whether a conflict arises or not. MICRI consists of 17 indicators, out of which thirteen (13) are subjective and four (4) are objective indicators. The data was sourced from the European Social Survey and national statistical database. The article presents the methodology and data behind the indicators, evaluates the index´s internal consistency using the quantitative regional level data of 75 Estonian municipalities. In constructing the values of MICRI, we followed four consecutive steps: (1) computing the values of the indicators for each municipality; (2) normalising; (3) weighting; and (4) aggregating of the indicators. All indicator were compiled in ten different risk dimensions – identity, distrust, value difference, perceived threat, perceived inequality, dissatisfaction, poor communication, low norm obedience, availability of resources, and regional immigration level – which formed a cumulative index value. The validity of the index was controlled with data of (75) Estonian municipalities from the period 2014 – 2018. The results of initial testing show that the internal consistency of MICRI is good; c-alpha = 0.698, which indicates a good potential for the index´s performance. The future research will focus on external validation of the index and will expand its use internationally.

INTRODUCING THE EURO IN ESTONIA AND SLOVAKIA: DID IT AFFECT PEOPLE’S SATISFACTION?

76%

Ainsaar M., Fedáková D., Roots A., Lumiste K., Kentoš M., Výrost J.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

2017

vol. 20

issue 4

The aim of the current study is to analyse the changes of satisfaction of people in both countries during the Euro introduction period. It will allow for a better understanding of the influence of external events on individuals. Slovakia, in January 2009, and Estonia, in January 2011, changed their national currency to the Euro. In both countries the introduction of the Euro was accompanied with positive media coverage and a general acceptance of the Euro as a tool to achieve a better living standard and greater benefits from a common European currency. Both Slovakia and Estonia carried out ESS fieldwork during the currency change period and this has allowed us to study the influence of the event on society regarding people’s satisfaction with it. We use data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for Estonia and Slovakia from the fourth and fifth rounds for analysis (ESS Round 4: European Social Survey Round 4 Data, 2008; ESS Round 5: European Social Survey Round 5 Data, 2010). The first descriptive results revealed differences between the two countries. A declining satisfaction trend prevailed in Estonia while satisfaction increased in Slovakia. A comparison of the Euro change period data with data from the same season but different years, showed that fluctuations with satisfaction cannot be attributed only to one event, and total satisfaction is possibly an outcome of many interactions, both at an individual level and in society. Therefore the continuous study of multiple effects of essential events in society on attitudes is important. Monitoring the contextual data and examining the effect of societal events helps to understand processes in society and plan for better measurement tools.

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2 Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

2 Ainsaar M.

2 Roots A.

1 Fedáková D.

1 Kentoš M.

1 Lumiste K.

1 Maasing H.

1 Nahkur O.

1 Výrost J.

1 2021

1 2017

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MEASURING THE RISK OF IMMIGRATION RELATED CONFLICTS

INTRODUCING THE EURO IN ESTONIA AND SLOVAKIA: DID IT AFFECT PEOPLE’S SATISFACTION?