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Krajiny antropologie a antropologie krajiny

100%
Mácha P.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2010
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vol. 97
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issue 3
225-246
EN
While anthropologists have always studied spatial aspects of cultural practices, space, place and landscape were rarely the central topics of their research and writing. Space was considered as passive, secondary background to cultural processes rather than their integral component, shaping force and product. It may be argued that for a long time space was not taken sufficiently seriously as to inform thoroughly ethnographic research and theoretical debates about culture. This has changed and a new anthropology of space, place and landscape is forming, drawing inspiration from cultural geography’s advanced conceptualizations of space while retaining anthropology’s special interest in cultural processes and the evolution and dynamics of human behavior. Of the three widely used spatial concepts – space, place, and landscape – it is the last one that has turned out to be the most difficult to define and apply in systematic research. In this article we offer some suggestions about the possible ways of conceptualizing landscape in anthropology in order to make this concept of a real research value and theoretical utility.
2
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Jazyk a krajina v antropologickém výzkumu

100%
Mácha P.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2021
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vol. 108
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issue 4
403-430
EN
Language is a key element in the perception, formation, and reproduction of landscapes and group boundaries. It is effective in at least three dimensions, namely, the inner/cognitive, the outward/appropriative, and the collective/identitarian. The inner dimension refers to the fact that our perception of landscape and our spatial cognition are determined, to a large extent, by the linguistic terms and grammatical structures specific to our language. The outward dimension refers to the capacity of language to project linguistically- and culturally-determined understandings into the physical world and create and appropriate places and landscapes by the act of naming. Finally, the collective dimension points to the importance of the linguistic delimitation of landscapes and their association with group identities. The article summarizes crucial recent findings in all three of the aforementioned dimensions and suggests possibilities for further research.
3
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Urbanonymie malých sídel na příkladu Moravy - explorativní analýza

100%
Mácha P.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
88-103
EN
The article provides information about urbanonyms in small settlements. On the basis of a representative sample of Moravian villages, it estimates the number of municipalities with urbanonyms and it summarizes their character, motivation, and level of identification. The predominant motivation is the orientation function followed by traditional oral names and honorification. The predominant level of identification is the local level. The greatest diversity exists in traditional oral names, which account for the largest proportion of unique names and occurrences. The analytical part tests variables that may explain the introduction of street names, their frequency and their character. It shows that the proximity to larger cities and the population size of a community are related to the presence of urbanonyms, their number and partly their character. Significant differences also exist between towns on the one hand and townlets and villages on the other. Towns have a greater proportion of honorific names and names with international and national levels of identification, while townlets and villages have a greater proportion of traditional oral names and names with regional and local levels of identification. In this respect, small towns are more like large cities than townlets and villages of the same size.
4
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Krajinný motiv na lidovém malovaném nábytku

63%
Mácha P., Krtička L.
Národopisný věstník
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2017
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vol. 34_(76)
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issue 2
36-62
EN
The article examines the possibility of using landscape motifs on folk furniture as a source for understanding the perception of landscape in Czech countryside in 1700s and 1800s. First, a brief overview of folk furniture is provided as a framework for understanding the importance and character of landscape paintings.Second, a detailed analysis of different landscape painting types and their regional differentiation is given. And finally, a critical reflection of the presented material regarding its potential use as a historical source for understanding landscape perception is offered. In conclusion, it is argued that folk furniture may be a useful source for historical studies but the landscape painting itself has severe limitations for the reconstruction of past landscapes.
5
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Možnosti studia toponym ve vztahu ke krajině, prostoru a identitě

63%
David J., Mácha P.
Acta onomastica
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2012
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vol. 53
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issue 1
28-45
EN
Place names have been systematically studied by various disciplines, including linguistics, history, geography, and anthropology. Most of these studies have, however, focused on the historical value of place names in documenting language change, the spread of human settlement, distribution of geomorphological objects and the evolution of legal practices in times past. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to contemporary place-naming practices and the role they play in structuring social relations and reproducing social identities. After reviewing the principal linguistic, geographical and anthropological approaches to place names we propose a multidisciplinary approach which should help us better understand the importance and significance of place names in the perception and construction of everyday landscapes.
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