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Societal Steering in Theoretical Perspective: ‘Social Becoming’ as an Analytical Solution

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Rončević B., Makarovič M.
Polish Sociological Review
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2011
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vol. 176
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issue 4
457-468
EN
The authors are tackling the issue of strategic steering ofmodern societies. Strategic processes are social processes, eventuating in a special field between individual and collective actors and the emergent social structures. The analysis must therefore take both micro and macro level into account. Social dimensions of these processes can be explained by the “social becoming” approach to the analysis of social reality. Within this approach strategy is located on the level of agency, between individuality and totality. This is the reason for “path-dependent” nature of strategic processes and of development, implying “choice within constraints” approach. Strategic actors have freedom of strategic choice, but this choice is constrained by the social structures and culture.
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POWER AND INFLUENCE-BASED POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES

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Makarovič M., Rek M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 6
686 – 705
EN
In this article, we analyse issues related to political participation from the perspective of sociological theory. The key argument is based on a theoretical framework distinguishing clearly between power and influence. We employ Talcott Parsons' theory of steering media and use it as a base on which to build a classification of forms of political participation. We show that with the development of a society, power-based political participation is not being replaced by influence-based political participation. Instead, in developed societies, the number of active citizens increases, and they tend to use more of both power-based and influence-based forms of political participation. Based on our classification of the forms of political participation, we examine a set of quantitative indicators using a hierarchical cluster analysis in order to explore differences and similarities among EU members as regards the use of power or influence-based forms of political participation.
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