Modern society has been characterized by individualism which has led people to a certain identity crisis. In the postmodern age, the answer to the crisis is partially found in the desire for authentic human relationships. This is why the way to a psychological understanding of the mystery of man is through an understanding of interpersonal relationships of the person. It is the same when we study the religious aspects of human existence. The aim of this article is to provide readers with an organized view on certain theories and related concepts that are used at present in the psychology of interpersonal relationships and particularly in the psychology of religion. Two particular theories are discussed above all: the Attachment theory and the Object relations theory – both applied to religion. Both of them suggest that we may learn more about the religious experience of an individual when we know more about his/her interpersonal relationships. From the interdisciplinary point of view it is concluded that the fact is correspondingly reflected in contemporary Christian theology.
Research on the psychological characteristics of the image of God is one of the dynamically developing areas in psychology of religion. The aim of the paper is to present certain information on God Image Scales – a psychometric instrument which identifies psychological characteristics of the image of God in six dimensions: Presence, Challenge, Acceptance, Benevolence, Influence, and Providence. The author of the questionnaire, Richard Lawrence, based this instrument on two particular theories: the Attachment theory and the Object relations theory, with both applied to religion. In the present case the instrument primarily focuses on an experiential image of God as opposed to a rationally learned image of God. The paper also presents the Slovak adaptation of the questionnaire and explains how the Slovak version was developed using item analysis of three independent research samples. An exact translation of the original version does not guarantee the same psychometric characteristics as the original version. In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of using the instrument are discussed from the point of view of psychology and theology as well. The Slovak adaptation of the God Image Scales may contribute to research studies, clinical practice and pastoral work as well.
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