The goal of this work is to review the present discussion and the perspectives of the Late Palaeolithic in the northern part of the Western Carpathians and in the Northern Subcarpathia region during the Allerød and the Younger Dryas oscillations. The area of Subcarpathia, especially dunes of the upper Vistula valley, has been explored many times since the second half of XX century (e.g. Kraków-Borek Fałęcki, Kraków-Kobierzyn). It brought numerous collections proving dense Late Palaeolithic settlement around Kraków. Although the Tanged Point Technocomplex (TPT) prevailed, traces of Arched Point Technocomplex were also reported. Since the 80`s, methodological researches in the northern part of The Western Carpathians have unexpectedly revealed rich remains of the Late Palaeolithic settlements. It mainly represents the APT settlement (Sromowce Niżne, Nowa Biała). The recent progress has been achieved as a result of extensive rescue excavations which brought a number of methodically acquired lithic assemblages (e.g Kraków-Kurdwanów, Kraków- -Bieżanów, Mucharz). This issue has boosted a discussion on the Late Palaeolithic settlement in the region. The discussion is focused on the techno-typological aspect of a material culture, detailed analysis of raw material procurement, usage of land and spatial arrangements of assemblages. The numerous accumulations show a variety of cultural entities including the Tarnowian, Witowian, Swiderian and Brommean cultures. The investigated area represents two main raw material provinces: the north Subcarpathia with Jurassic flint and the northern part of the Western Carpathians – where radiolarites were mainly found however other rocks were present, as well. Both cases are characterized by local production only merely enhanced with imported materials. The settlement is almost completely represented by open air sites although caves are also present (Zalas rockshelter). The extent of the assemblages varies from rich settlement units yielding several thousands of artefacts to tiny spots of about dozens of lithics. Only in case of a few archaeological sites an environmental record was acquired. It hinders a construction of a reliable chronology and therefore some comparative studies over the adjacent area are necessary. The basic reports indicate the northern part of the Western Carpathians and the Northern Subcarpathia region as “contact zone”, proving a local character of them as well as a strong affection from the part of the North European Plain.
Dysfonia psychogenna (fononeuroza) to zaburzenie głosu spowodowane czynnikami psychogennymi przy braku zmian strukturalnych (organicznych) w krtani. Celem pracy jest analiza procesu fonacji u pacjentów z dysfonią psychogenną w aspekcie foniatryczno-logopedycznym, diagnostycznym oraz terapeutycznym na podstawie dostępnej literatury przedmiotu. Postępowanie diagnostyczno-terapeutyczne wymaga współpracy interdyscyplinarnego zespołu składającego się z laryngologa, foniatry, logopedy, psychologa i psychiatry. W dysfonii psychogennej występuje brak koordynacji oddychania, fonacji i artykulacji oraz zmiany w zakresie elementów prozodycznych mowy. Rehabilitacja w dysfonii psychogennej obejmuje symultanicznie prowadzoną terapię głosu i mowy, psychoterapię oraz wspomagająco leczenie farmakologiczne. Najlepsze efekty postępowania terapeutycznego można osiągnąć dopiero w wyniku połączenia terapii głosu i mowy oraz podejścia psychologicznego, gdyż obok poprawy fonacji, jakości głosu i jego kontroli niezbędne jest również poznanie podłoża emocjonalnego i psychologicznego istniejącego zaburzenia.
EN
Psychogenic dysphonia (phononeurosis) is considered as functional voice disorder caused by psychogenic factors without structural (organic) changes in the larynx. The aim of this study is to analyze phonation process in patients with psychogenic dysphonia in clinical, logopedic, diagnosic and therapeutic aspect, based on the available literature of the subject. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach requires the cooperation of an interdisciplinary team consisted of a laryngologist, phoniatrist, speech therapist, psychologist and psychiatrist. In psychogenic dysphonia lack of coordination of breathing, phonation, articulation and changes in the field of prosodic elements of speech are observed. Rehabilitation in psychogenic dysphonia includes voice and speech therapy, psychotherapy and supportive pharmacological treatment conducted simultaneously. The best effect of therapeutic treatment can be achieved only as a result of connection of voice and speech therapy and psychotherapy. In this therapy, except the improvement of phonation, voice quality and its control, it is necessary to know the emotional and psychological background of disorder.
Recently, the region of Podhale has yielded several new archaeological finds, gathered during the surface survey (difficult to carry on in that region due to the decreasing number of cultivated fields) in the area of Biały Dunajec and Czarny Dunajec rivers catchment basins. Artifacts can be linked with the period of Stone Age and Early Bronze Age. In some cases, their techno-typological profiles suggest a more precise chronology. The choice of raw material used in the described inventories is limited to flint and radiolarite (its red variation).
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