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Norma językowa w polskich pracach normatywnych w pierwszej połowie XX wieku

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Markowski A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2018
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vol. 757
|
issue 8
93-104
EN
This paper discusses the issue of using the term norma językowa (a language standard) in the Polish prescriptive literature of the fi rst half of the 20th century. It shows how this terms was developed and how the concept behind it had been called before this name was fi rst used. It also points to the terms naming the groups of language users referred to by the language enthusiasts of those days, originally as recipients of warnings against language errors, and then as those who should propagate language culture. Hence, terms such as warstwy wykształcone (the educated class), inteligencja (the intelligentsia), osoby posługujące się polszczyzną literacką (people using literary Polish) are discussed. Finally, the criteria for evaluating the linguistic elements (the usage, language of writers, tradition) applied at that time are indicated.
2
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O potrzebie zmian ortografii nazw obiektów topograficznych

100%
Markowski A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2023
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vol. 802
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issue 3
112-117
EN
This article proposes changes to the spelling of names of topographic objects. In the author’s opinion, the changes would contribute to the simplification of the spelling of a large group of words and would be consistent with the orthographic practice of a significant number of language users. Topographic names could be spelled according to the rules applicable to geographic names, that is e.g. Rondo Dmowskiego, Cmentarz Łyczakowski, Restauracja pod Dębem, Hala Kopińska, but: hala Wola. It is also proposed to spell the names of inhabitants of towns, cities, villages, and districts with the capital letter, by analogy to the spelling of the names of inhabitants of countries or geographic regions, that is e.g. Gdańszczanin, Chorzowianka. These solutions were proposed by the author already in 2019 at a session of Zespół Ortograficzno-Onomastyczny (Team for Orthography and Onomastics) by Rada Języka Polskiego (Council for the Polish Language).
3
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Czy można poprawnie ubrać płaszcz?

100%
Markowski A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2023
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vol. 804
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issue 5
93-100
EN
This article discusses the change in the normative qualification of the verb ubrać/ubierać (‘to dress’) in the sense ‘to wear’. This meaning, and hence collocations such as ubrać płaszcz, ubrać sukienkę, ubrać kapelusz have been consistently evaluated as linguistic errors, which is evidenced by both dictionary entries and prescriptive advice. Looking into the scope of usage of this type of expressions – their commonness in speech and writing among Poles of various social classes from southern and western Poland – enforces a consideration of whether this meaning of the verb ubrać/ubierać should not be included into the group of regionalisms accepted as a norm of regional usage. As a sidenote, the emerging question is whether there actually are any normatively unaccepted regionalisms or the unacceptance should be ascribed only to dialecticisms in general language.
4
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Jak by nie było, to gdzie nie spojrzeć, tak się mówi i pisze

100%
Markowski A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2023
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vol. 808
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issue 9
77-83
EN
This article is an attempt to make a prescriptive evaluation of phraseological units such as jak było, co by nie zrobić, kto by nie przyszedł, gdzie by nie spojrzeć, gdzie nie spojrzę, gdzie się nie ruszysz, etc. They have been present in the Polish language for at least 150 years, but are still evaluated negatively, as unnecessary Russicisms and illogical constructs. The discussions carried out in this text, supported by numerous examples from various types of Polish texts, lead to the conclusion that we are dealing with a phraseological model containing the components by nie as a constructional axis or nie, in sentences that are formally negated yet in fact containing the reinforcement of a judgment. The phraseologised units have demonstrated their functional usefulness and should be accepted in the usage norm of Polish.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą rewizji oceny poprawnościowej takich związków wyrazowych jak jak było, co by nie zrobić, kto by nie przyszedł,  gdzie by nie spojrzeć, gdzie nie spojrzę, gdzie się nie ruszysz itp. Są one obecne w polszczyźnie od co najmniej 150 lat, ale wciąż są oceniane negatywnie, jako niepotrzebne rusycyzmy i konstrukcje nielogiczne. Przeprowadzone w tekście rozważania, poparte licznymi przykładami z różnych typów tekstów polszczyzny, prowadzą  do wniosku, iż mamy do czynienia z  modelem frazeologicznym, zawierającym składniki  by nie jako oś konstrukcyjną  lub  nie, w zdaniach formalnie zaprzeczonych, a w rzeczywistości zawierających wzmocnienie sądu. Te związki sfrazeologizowane wykazały przydatność funkcjonalną i powinno się je zaakceptować w normie użytkowej polszczyzny.
5
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Czy porady normatywne mają wpływ na uzus językowy? Uwagi byłego preskryptywisty

100%
Markowski A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2022
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vol. 796
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issue 7
104-110
EN
The paper compares prescriptive recommendations contained in the linguistic feature articles published in Życie Warszawy in the period 1992–1997 with the state of the Polish language (as regards the usage and the norm) in late 2010s. The findings concern the present status of language components that were evaluated both negatively and positively at that time. It is indicated that the negative attitude of a linguist–prescriptivist to new words and linguistic structures of that day has virtually no effect on the status of such components in the Polish language after a quarter of a century, while the approving attitude is confirmed in the further fate of such components.
6
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Polityka językowa a kultura języka

100%
Markowski A.
Poradnik Językowy
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2017
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vol. 741
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issue 2
25-33
EN
This paper discusses the relation between language policy and language culture – two fundamental notions in prescriptive linguistics. Both terms and their contents can be understood differently (as manifest in their definitions). It turns out that particularly the concept behind language policy has various meanings and the contents it encompasses can be classified into 6 groups. Depending on the adopted definitions, both analysed notions can even be – in extreme cases – equated or understood as separate. Most commonly, language policy, defined as a set of various planned and coordinated actions related to the language system and/or language awareness of users, is situated as a part of language culture – within its functional meaning.
7

Funkcja stabilizacyjna najważniejszą funkcją działań kulturalnojęzykowych

100%
Markowski A.
Język Polski
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2013
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vol. 93
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issue 5
330-332
PL
Autor opowiada się za tym, by działania kulturalnojęzykowe miały funkcję stabilizującą. Takie są oczekiwania społeczne i językoznawcy normatywiści powinni im sprostać. Powinno się bardziej nagłaśniać kwestie językowe poprzez szerszy dostęp do radia i telewizji i szukać sojuszników w środowiskach mających wpływy w ośrodkach władzy. Należy dbać o upowszechnianie kultury języka w szkole, w środowisku urzędniczym, dziennikarskim i wśród tłumaczy UE.
EN
The author’s opinion is that the activities in the field of language culture should have a stabilising function. Such are the social expectations and normative linguists should meet them. Various aspects of language should be given more public attention by gaining wider access to the radio and TV, and supporters ought to be found in governmental institutions. Language culture should be popularised at schools, among officials and civil servants, journalists and EU translators.
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