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Udział przedsiębiorstw żydowskich w przemyśle włókienniczym Łodzi w latach 1860-1914

100%
Ziomek W.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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1998
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issue 63
93-114
EN
An issue concerning participation of Jewish firms in textile industry of Łódź has not been clearly explained till now. The rate of participation of Jewish firms is often regarded as smaller than German ones. There is no monography concerning Jews of Łódź in 1860-1914, which would enable us to broaden our knowledge of that community and its importance for city history. Between 1885 and 1887 a serious press debates took place. On the one hand, legal acts, which were expected to limit rights of Jews were demanded. On the other hand, Jews were supported by authors who showed their importance for economic development of the Kingdom of Poland. The rate of participation of Jewish firms in textile industry of Łódź was small at first (about 11% of total value of production), but constantly increased and on the eve of the XXth century exceeded 45%. To 1914 it was stabilized on a level of 40% of total value of production. Jewish factories were quickly mechanized and were regarded as the most up to date in Łódź. Their dynamics of economic growth considerably exceeded an average development of Łódź industry. It must be said, Jewish industrialists played an important part in creating textile industry of Łódź, however, they were often discriminated. As well they were supported by many Polish business activists and economists who appreciated their importance for economy of the Kingdom of Poland.
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Ziemianie w przemyśle drzewnym Królestwa Polskiego (1870–1914)

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Ziomek W.
Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku
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2010
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issue 08
153-165
EN
Participation of landowners in the wood industry od the Polish Kingdom in the years 1870–1914 was limited mainly to the sawmilling industry. Landowners’ companies were 80% of establishments and over 60% of production’s value. The reason for such a large share was possession by the landowners, resource base, which accounted for forests. Another important reason was the spatial decentralizing of the industry. Landowners played a huge role in the production of furniture, creating in 1872 large bent furniture factory in Wojciechów, which, after 1904, employed a total of more than 1,500 people. In other sectors of the Polish Kingdom’s timber industry, gentry did not play a greater role.
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