The paper is an attempt to show that the metaphoric structure of the concept of LOVE is correlated with its internal conceptual complexity. Various metaphors apply to different subcategories of LOVE and/or highlight different aspects of those subcategories. The differences stem from the differences in the conceptual structures between and among the subcategories and the resultant constraints on the possible mappings across domains. The whole system of metaphors forms a metaphoric hierarchy with lower mappings inheriting the structure of the higher mappings. It is shown that some conceptual metaphors allow for alternate mappings so there is no single set of correspondences between domains. The metaphors do not form a coherent system. The relations between some of them may be implicational, but others, owing to alternative conceptualizations, are contradictory.
The paper deals with figurative lexical resources of English in the conceptual domain of gender. The presentation and analysis are carried out in terms of the most productive cognitive processes of semantic extensions leading to gender senses of particular lexical units. These processes include various kinds of metaphor, e.g. objectification and zoometaphor, and metonymy, as well as a less familiar concept of syntaphor. Of particular importance are the cases of a new kind of metaphor, called “transgender metaphor” and an integration of metonymy with metaphor in the development of a taboo lexeme cunt used to refer to male referents.
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