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EN
The purpose of the article is to answer the question, if editors of the tabloid newspapers see their readers and how this vision discloses in a press. The authoress thinks that the journalists expectation have not much in common with a practical of the editorial office. These difference are visible in a editorial level and as in a function of the press. It is often used a phrase “ a common man” for the tabloid readers. It says, that he is poor educationed, have a low taste, easy care of the emotions and can understand only short, unambiguous remittances. Journalism materials with are put in the polish tabloids (“ Fakt” , “Super Express”) show that their precision requires complex skills. Surmise, tabloid readers instead of the enjoyment and diminished information get a product, which is first of all to serve to manipulate their image of reality and has a influence for their suspection.
EN
The article is dedicated to problems of Poland and Polish people in Andrzej Szczypiorski’s selected journalism. The author presented his views by interpreting and expressing his opinion about various situations and facts. Some of his thesis (e.g. regarding W. Gomutka’s government or Polish attitude during the consolidation of communism authority), changed in the course of time as well as with the modification of social-political reality in Poland (liquidation of censorship). Other thesis regarding the Polish Right, the role of Church in the intellectual life of the country under communism, historical significance of “Solidarity” and the need to build a civil society were consequently sustained by the author. The critical attitude the author represents is closer of speaking the “painful truth” than affirmation. In this way Szczypiorski - in the eyes of a reader - comes across as an intellectual who has independent, in some cases radical opinions. He thinks in social categories and has a tendency to see only dangers and mistakes.
EN
The article concerns the functional description of the press polemics. The author on the basis of over 30 texts placed on columns the weekly of the “Polityka” analyses several genelogics aspects. The writer adverts on the dependence between two elements of the structure of the text: contrargumentation and with the reflection; she characterizes the construction and prices the meaning of double adresativity of the polemics. Perceived in investigated texts the critical intention of authors and superior persuasion aim of the statement engage the conclusion that the polemics exemplifies the sort losing its own expressiveness.
EN
The advice article is one of the multiple forms of expression in use among general lifestyle magazines aimed at women. Its shape, both style and structure-wise, allows authors to exhaust all the possibilities of persuasive action, which is typical for this group of magazines. The analysis of the materials, taken from ten separate magazines published in the first quarter of 2016, shows that the stylistic range of advice articles is not sophisticated, and so their style is definitely not the most important factor which determines the pleasure of reading. It is also possible to notice that in the down-market magazines (‘Dobre Rady’, ‘Naj’, ‘Pani Domu’, ‘Tina’) this type of an article is usually produced in a form of a corpus (body) made of modules, using the formula of a register. These texts are smaller in size and compositionally more simple (short sentences, usually single sentences or simple relative clauses), with regular use of a question-answer configuration, with exclamations to show emotions, and lists. The act of giving advice is generally based on direct, specific instructions, formulated in a direct style, appropriate for the ‘parenetic’ (persuasive) character of the publication. The editorial boards of magazines such as ‘Olivia’ or ‘Swiat Kobiety’ heavily emphasize the professionalism of their guidance. The authors clearly display their intent to create a more friendly relationship with their female readers, but at the same time encourage them to follow the line of argument more carefully and to think for themselves. In these texts the syntax is more complex, more varied rhetorical terms are used, and the signals of mutual dialogue are present; the factual, graphic and cognitive layer of a publication blends with its practical usage in a much better way.
EN
This article is devoted to outlining characteristics of the big picture report on the basis of publications focusing on the abdication of Pope Benedict XVI. The analysis of this content enables us to determine how the genre functions as a form of media communication relying on exchange of news, and how it exploits the specificity of the internet as a means of transmission. An attempt is made to show how this form of journalistic expression may evolve and to describe its usefulness from the point of view of the audience.
EN
The article is dedicated to aspects of a journalist’s work published between 1996–2014 in the professional monthly magazine Press, aimed at people interested in media, advertisement and public relations. These statements help other media professionals become familiar with the work experience of their colleagues, as well as help acquaint new entrants to the profession with the rules, difficulties and dilemmas associated with this work. The author classifies and defines three types of published texts: those written in an instructional form, those which approach the conventions of an informative article, and finally, copyright protected publications. An analysis of these texts leads to a conclusion that the primary aims of the publication have led its authors to focus attention on perceptions and the practical dimensions of the knowledge being shared. They use detailed descriptions, and have gradually abandoned ready solutions, encouraging readers instead to consider a range of possibilities; they also illustrate their suggestions with examples from personal experience. They do not fail to provide enlightening recollections of their own mistakes or detail the difficult beginnings of their own careers. The role models presented demand from the reader an ability to synthesize various elements. The original structure of the publication as well as its thoughtful and recollection-driven approach to the subject helps to achieve this. An awareness of the technical nature of texts urges experienced journalists to explain in plain terms the ins and outs of the profession by presenting specific events, making comparisons, and offering brief advice or warnings. This also relates to the language of expression they use, which makes even the official and hackneyed style of instructional discourse easy to understand.
EN
The article described analysis of early literary and journalistic texts of Andrzej Szczypiorski placed in volumes Fathers o f the epoch and With distant and at close quarters. These crops determine the interested example of penetrating of some themes and motives of the socialist realism to artistic and useful forms of the statement. Szczypiorski stays nearer to schemata of the social realism in texts journalist than literary: more seldom he invokes the imagination of the reader, reasonable of the argumentation accompany propagandist formulatings. The univocal estimation of the reality and simple didacticism cause that with the point of view of the present reader analyzed texts are only a certificate of the past time. The value current events credit one can at most to their ethical sending - the man should always mind about other, care about their good and dare fight with the evil, These values remaining with the characteristic determinant of the all later creation of Andrzej Szczypiorski.
DE
In dem Artikel sind die wichtigsten Veränderungen besprochen worden, welches beobachten kann in der Konstruktion und der Sprache der ratschlagten Texten in die Presse. Ihre Autoren verzichten auf die einfache Formel – sie verbinden das Wissen mit der Unterhaltung und sie geben mehr Informationen mit konkreten Beispielen an. Der ratschlagen Text wird freundlich für den Leser durch des freien Stiles, der grafischen Bearbeitung und der deutlichen Veränderung des Berichtes zwischen dem Autor und dem Leser. Der Journalist ist wohlwollend Freund, er unterstreicht seine Überlegenheit über den Leser nicht. Diese ratschlagten Texten zeigen die Veränderungen in den modernen Medien, welche die Originalität der Form betonen und sorgen für das kurzfristige, emotionale Engagement von Empfänger in den Kontakt
EN
The article is devoted to internet genre characteristics of the big picture report based on the example of publications focusing on the abdication of Pope Benedict XVI. An analysis of this content enables us to determine how the genre functions as a form of media communication based on the interchange of news, and how it exploits the specificity of the Internet as a means of transmission. An attempt is made to show the possibility of how this form of journalistic expression may evolve and to describe its usefulness from the audience’s point of view.
EN
Andrzej Szczypiorski (1928-2000) was a writer and journalist. As a journalist he made his debut in 1947 in “Gromada” and then he cooperated with “Życie Warszawy” and “Film" In 1951 he was a member of literary editor’s office of Polish Radio in Katowice, where he was engaged in reportage and radio’s adaptations of literary works. After short period of work in Teatr Śląski in Katowice and departure to embassy in Copenhagen (Denmark) he arrived to Warsaw and he engaged in cultural journalism. Every week’s feuilletons-commentary in radio and numerous texts printed for example in “Przegląd Kulturalny”, “Życie Warszawy". “Za wolność i lud”, “Nowa Kultura”, “Tygodnik Demokratyczny”, “Tygodnik Kulturalny” made him famous journalist. He was reckoned to be a journalist, who supported obligatory political system. Since 1968 his connections with radio and official press have started to come loose. After next few years he cooperated to “Polityka”, “Odra”, “Problemy Alkoholizmu” and “Literatura". Formation independent press made him publicity in “Zapis”, “Biuletyn Informacyjny", "Bez tytułu" . During being internee in the state of war he became concentrated on literary activity. In 1989-1991 years he was a senator. Till his death he published very much (e.g. “Gazeta Wyborcza”, “Wprost”, “Polityka” and “Hustler”) and he took part in television and radio programs, symposiums and cultural meeting in the country and foreign countries.
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EN
The article has been dedicated to profile of the press texts’ specific group called fails divers. According to the author they may be considered as an example of linking information to an entertainment. Owing to them we obtain a piece of information that is not as essential as incredible, the reading provides us firstly with an entertainment. Because of this it may be improper to consider fails divers as a specific variety of a press note. However, formal determinants do not supply a base sufficient to define faits divers as a separate informative species. Faits divers are hybrid product, which attraction and easy receipt have come into contemporary fashion of popular informative species.
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EN
The article contains discussion about the most important aspects of subject attitude in teaching of Polish language. The analysis of conditions of perception a student as a subject indicates that a teacher of Polish language needs high qualifications. Broad knowledge and good discernment in a psychological and social interactions between a student and him let the teacher respect individuality of his pupil and enrich consciousness of both of them. Frankness for subject understanding for the fact that they are two separate subjects obligates the teacher to professional creativity and though improvement can come across the various obstacles, it should be a stable element of didactic process. The theses represented lead to the conclusion that subjectivity is the way to create relationships among other people, which is coming not only from particular way of thinking but also from internal need based on system of values and deep sense of lies with others. The realisation of subjectivity is teaching how to be an individual in one community.
EN
The article analyses a collection of 52 editorials published in 19 national journals between 1989 and 2011 directly following general elections. The purpose was to establish how an editorial in the Polish daily press of that time evolved, if it was a form used by editors to make official statements about important social events, how the relationship between texts’ functions were shaped, and how this affected the meaning content of published material. It was established that at first editorials highlighted the fundamental significance of the results of general elections for the creation of a new political and social order in Poland and emphasized the obligation this imposed on both voters and those seeking election. In the mid-1990s, authors regarded the act of voting as an important and proven tool for putting public life in order that did not always serve its purpose. In the 21st century, publicists were more inclined to perceive the mechanisms of democracy through a personal dimension. The editorial gradually drifted away from being a text which focused on the election and participation in it as exceptional and seminal. It started to become a collection of the author’s personal evaluations and of conclusive opinions on the current political situation. Not lacking in judgmental statements, it was meant to provide an understanding of a situation rather than to urge to a specific action. Commentators evaluated the outcome of each election, referring to detailed issues, such as turnout, the potential, anticipated difficulties the winner of an election would face, and the factors that would determine the outcome. The anticipation of upcoming events remained an essential feature of the editorial; authors, however, gradually retreated from advising politicians on specific solutions.
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EN
The article describes analysis of press information texts of Andrzej Szczypiorski. These texts were choosen with author’s journalism on the ground of intention read over from contents, and also on the ground of function which they perform to readers. They are examples texts which connect great information’s worth and persuasion’s intention. They also reveal Szczypiorski’s disposition to construct union and logical vision of the reality. Reflection on this reality presents to readers proposal of understanding of the world. Sense of community with other people and keeping of rules which govern over this world are the most important worths.
EN
The article discusses the specificity of character pieces (the journalistic genre for the presentation and recommendation of a person) in the context of the rhetorical triad. Logos, ethos and pathos are three ways of shaping an argument which in a character piece have a persuasive impact on the reader by influencing his intellect, will and emotions. In journalistic practice, this means using facts and commanding direct or indirect inference in relation to the axiology of moral attitudes, as well as showing and engendering feelings, states of emotion and stimulating the imagination. The author discusses these actions based on selected journalistic texts from the magazines „Polityka”, „Gazeta Wyborcza”, „Press” and „Newsweek Polska”.
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