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Changes in calling homosexual men can be seen by examining and comparing the contents of basic definitional dictionaries of Polish language for the last 50 years, as well as colloquial Polish language dictionaries, including the latest online dictionaries Polish language colloquial and slang. Latest from the Polish language dictionaries overall (Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego, ed. S. Dubisz) include a few names of male homosexuals: ciota, gej/gay, homoseksualista, pederasta, pedalstwo, pedał, pedzio. In colloquial Polish language dictionaries were such other names as adidas, ciepły brat, homoerota, homoser, homoserek, homospecjalista, kochający inaczej, lawenda, spedalały. The terms that appeared only in the online dictionaries are: czajnik, fag, faggot, gejowy, gejsza, gładki, obcisły gej, spedalony gej and wesołek. Can be observed numerous differences in qualification and define the names of homosexual men among the above cited dictionaries. It seems that the commonly used today the name is gej and not only in colloquial Polish language, but also in standard Polish language, and – I think – the noun displaces from the variety of Polish the words homoseksualista and pederasta. A clear majority of pejorative names (including contemptuous and offensive names) show negative attitude of speakers to homosexual men.
EN
This article presents linguistic exponents of colors that Jan Lechoń used in poems of poetry volumes: Karmazynowy poemat (The Crimson Poem) and Srebrne i czarne (The Silver and The Black). The poet has used two types of colors exponents: lexical (adjectives, such as czarny = black, nouns, such as fiolet = violet, verbs, such as pobieleć = to whiten, adverb srebrzyście – silvery) and non-lexical (comparative expression jak mlekiem oblany = as bathed in milk and syntactic structure ogień żarzy = fire glows). The lexical exponents of colors co-creation of various syntactic relationships in which their meaning is revealed. Most linguistic exponents of colors serve as descriptive in the analyzed poems, for example: białe chmurki = white clouds, żółty blask = yellow glow. Sometimes the exponents describe imaginary phenomenons, see mgła wspomnień błękitna = the blue haze of memories. Some exponents of colors are symbolic, cf. śpiewają bielą, amarantem = (they) sing white, amaranth (white and amaranth is the Polish national symbols). The metonymic meanings are also interesting, as in the phrase upił się miodnym złotem = (he) got drunk honey gold.
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