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Hypersonic Weapon as a New Challenge for the Anti-aircraft Defense Command and Control System

100%
Malinowski P.
Safety & Defense
|
2020
|
vol. 2
89-99
EN
The intensification of the air threat resulting from the emergence of hypersonic weapons in the immediate vicinity of Poland has become a significant challenge for the Polish armed forces, including anti-aircraft defense. The capabilities of the new type of weapon determine not only the need to modernize and acquire systems designed to engage aerial targets, but also the command and control systems that control them. Due to the nature and the limited scope of the article, the deliberations presented in it are generalized results of a research on the scale of the threat posed by hypersonic weapons in the airspace and the need to modernize anti-aircraft defense command and control subsystems, which may be involved in combating them as part of the national air defense system. The presented conclusions also concern the problems of multiplying the current level of automation of the command and control subsystem. This is related to the need for the effectiveness of the military decision-making process as well as uninterrupted and efficient cooperation with the national and allied elements of the air reconnaissance and air defense assets subsystems, including the components of missile defense, which is predestined to engage hypersonic weapons.
2

Procedural acts of the parties in the proceedings before the administrative court

100%
Malinowski P.
Prawo
|
2013
|
issue 315/1
EN
Explanation and understanding of the nature and function of the procedural acts as essential constituent elements forming the structure of the proceedings before the administrative court is fundamental to the scientific explanation of the procedural issues. Today, it is difficult to imagine a full study of any institution of procedural law without reference to the debate on the general assumptions resulting from the nature, function and properties of procedural acts. Consequently, procedural acts in administrative court proceedings are to be counted as the most important phenomena of the process, and the very concept of a procedural step to basic research equipment of the proceedings before the administrative court, without which it is difficult to properly introduce and explain the institutions of this procedure. Procedural acts, extracted from a wider range of procedural facts, build the structures in the proceedings before the administrative court. These are the elements of a process that dynamize the process. Procedural acts lead to the initiation, development and implementation of the main purpose of the procedure, which is the judgment of the court deciding a dispute over the legality of the action, inaction or chronic proceedings by a public authority. In the proceedings before the administrative court the procedural acts of the parties should be analyzed in conjunction with the construction of the capacity to bring an action before the court. Differentiation of the capacity to bring an action before the court because of the type of protected interest is important from the point of view of reflection on the specific features of procedural acts of the parties that show some differences, depending on whether the party to the proceedings is an entity acting in the interests of the individual, public or social.
3
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A New Dimension of the Polish Artillery Capabilities Upgrade Determinants

100%
Malinowski P.
Safety & Defense
|
2022
|
vol. 2
EN
Artillery and its firepower are still an important element in land tactical activities, which is once again being proven by the current conflict in Eastern Europe. However, two distinct approaches to using its fire capabilities are discernible. One approach views artillery as a precise means of destruction, similar to a sniper with significant firepower and range. The other approach considers artillery fire a weapon of destruction similar to a hammer or a road roller, destroying everything in its path without any selectivity of fire. In the face of such perspectives, the considerations set forth in the following article focus on the former of the presented approaches to using artillery and the determinants that will ensure the implementation of such an approach in the form of the new capabilities of modernized Polish artillery. The presented content results from comparative analyses and observations focused on the needs and effects of artillery use, and factors that are important in its effective operation on the modern battlefield.
4
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Teksty autentyczne jako element nauczania języka angielskiego na studiach o profilu ekonomicznym

100%
Malinowski P.
Przedsiębiorstwo & Finanse
|
2022
107-119
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie badań, jakim został poddany autorski przedmiotowy projekt edukacyjny, mający na celu włączenie do procesu dydaktycznego na studiach wyższych rzadko wykorzystywanych rodzajów tekstów autentycznych. Koncepcja badania hybrydowego, opartego na podejściu ilościowym i jakościowym w postaci ankiet zawierających pytania zamknięte i otwarte na temat wzmiankowanego projektu, powstała w oparciu o zasady eksperymentu innowacyjnego oraz badania w działaniu. Autor przedstawia także rezultaty analizy zebranych danych, wysuwając wnioski na temat wykorzystywania tekstów autentycznych w procesie nauczania języka obcego.
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