This study is concerned with the political influence on late Merovingian episcopal hagiographic production and with the changes in the episcopal ideal. It focuses on how key elements such as the origins of the bishop, the manner of his induction into the episcopal office and the relationship between the bishop and the monarch, respectively the relationship between the performance of episcopal duties, political involvement and service at the court, are portrayed in hagiographic production. A method of comparative analysis of late Merovingian hagiographic production associated with Saint Arnulf of Metz, Audoin of Rouen, Eligius of Noyon, Aunemund of Lyon, Leudegar of Autun, and Praejectus of Clermont was applied.
This paper examines friendship in the correspondence of Alcuin of York in the broader context of the development of concepts of friendship in the Latin West. The fundamental dimensions of friendship in Alcuin’s work are identified, as well as the relationship between them. These are specifically the spiritual, philosophical‑ethical and political mensions. In addition, elements of the author’s own emotionality can be perceived in Alcuin’s correspondence. The sources of Alcuin’s concept of friendship are to be sought primarily in the patristic tradition.
This paper focuses on the early Carolingian hagiographic production and its role in the Carolingians rise to power. Attention is paid to the image of Carolingian expansion beyond the Frankish Empire in hagiographical literature, using Frisia as an example, and to the possible role of these writings in legitimising Carolingian conquests. In doing so, it is demonstrated that early Carolingian hagiographic production purposefully glorified the Carolingian ancestors within the chosen narratives and, to some extent, formed the legitimising framework of the Carolingian political and ecclesiastical expansion.
This paper deals with the question of the sexual orientation of leading Carolingian scholar Alcuin of York. The authors begin by defining the term ‘queer sexuality’ as divergent from dominant forms of sexuality, before proceeding to present a brief overview of the life and work of Alcuin of York. The authors then turn to the primary sources that originally sparked the debate regarding Alcuin’s sexual orientation, followed by theoretical considerations on the methodological approaches that may be used to interpret ‘queer’ sources of the Middle Ages more generally, and the application of these methods in the specific case of Alcuin of York. Whether or not Alcuin’s sexuality was really ‘queer’, the authors argue, cannot be stated with certainty. Assuming it was, however, one may describe its manifestation in the given sources as a manifestation of queerness in its sublimated form, and as part of their own contemporary discourse on spiritual love and friendship.
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