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MUDr. Gustav Rösler a Neudeutscher Kulturbund in Österreich : "Pionýři" rasové hygieny v českých zemích

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Balcarová J.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 2
142-155
EN
This contribution focuses on the German physician Gustav Rösler, a pioneer of the thennew science of eugenics, and advocate of the movement for life reform (Lebensreform) in the Bohemian Lands in early 20th century. At this time, interest in social phenomena which were linked to industrialisation and had a negative impact on human health contributed to the creation of organisations and institutions designed to counter these phenomena. At a time when the German national movement was rapidly growing, Gustav Rösler designed a ‘programme of improvement of German fitness’. Its aim was to cultivate mental and physical fitness of the German population, especially the youth. Its institutional foundation was the Liberec-based Neudeutscher Kulturbund in Österreich and the publishing house Neudeutscher Kulturverlag.
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Bund der (deutschen) Landwirte Schlesiens : politické profilování agrárního zájmu a jeho nacionalizace v rakouském Slezsku před první světovou válkou

100%
Balcarová J.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 2
175-185
EN
Based on an analysis of archival and printed historical sources, the article examines the formation of agrarian political representation of Germans at the end of the 19th century and in the first decade of the 20th century. The author proceeds from the premise that the process of political formation of agrarian interests, as well as the design of their organisational structures in the form of a central agrarian association or political party, was founded on a developed movement of non-political agrarian associations. The personal interconnectedness of both of these association types quickened the entry of non-political agrarian associations into the nascent organisational networks of agrarian politics. The author describes the operations of a strong competing idea – a partner of the agrarian movement – the idea of nationalism, whose proponents sought primacy in the slowly forming political landscape of Cisleithania. The conclusion of the article introduces several possible causes of the differing developmental trends in Silesia compared to the other two Bohemian lands, where independent German agrarian parties were already formed before the First World War
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Německé zemědělské spolky v rakouském Slezsku druhé poloviny 19. století : stavovská svépomoc, solidarita, jednota a uvědomělost

100%
Balcarová J.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
|
2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
151-164
EN
This paper introduces the agricultural interest structures of Germans in Austrian Silesia in the latter half of the 19th century as an element of modernisation of the countryside which significantly contributed to its economic, class and political emancipation, from the point of view of their gradual organisational construction and the principles of peasant association. It can be surmised that the milieu of agricultural associations, which were connected with other agricultural-economic structures in terms of their membership and interest, had the potential to advance the ideological elements of the nascent German agrarian movement at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The paper focuses on the key agricultural non-political associations along with their developmental trends which created this base in the region of Austrian Silesia. The author primarily relies on printed sources, because although the archive material devoted to agricultural associations in the region may seem very rich, it does not provide the necessary amount of relevant data. Given the current state of research, when the interest structures of associations are not given attention considering their role in the development of rural areas, this article seeks to enrich the professional discourse surrounding the issue.
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