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Gender differences in income distributions in Poland

100%
Włodarczyk J.
Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy
|
2020
|
issue 63
210-232
XX
The paper presents results of a descriptive analysis of income distributions as well as top income inequality among women and men in Poland. The analysis is based on the dataset provided by the Council for Social Monitoring (2019). Throughout 2003–2015 their panel survey included, for example, a question on individual net monthly income in the past three months. In order to reduce differences associated with the age of entering and exiting the labour market on declared income levels (especially pensions), the calculations include only women and men aged 25–60 years. The analysis of income distributions of women and men in Poland is based on standard measures such as mean income, median income and related measures, as well as the Gini coefficient, Theil index and entropy index. It is supplemented by kernel density estimates and results of simultaneous quantile regressions that demonstrate differences between women and men across income groups. The analysis of top income inequality includes comparisons of subsamples consisting of top 3% earners in each group. The share of women in the top percentiles is then calculated and discussed. The analysis shows different dynamics related to the incomes of women and men, which provides support for including business cycle considerations in the analysis of income inequalities and their gender aspects.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy opisowej rozkładów dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn w Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nierówności w grupie osób o najwyższych dochodach. Analizę oparto o bazę danych opracowaną przez Radę Monitoringu Społecznego (w ramach projektu Diagnoza Społeczna). W latach 2003–2015 jedno z pytań zadawanych respondentom dotyczyło indywidualnego miesięcznego dochodu netto z ostatnich trzech miesięcy. W celu zmniejszenia wpływu różnic związanych z momentem wchodzenia na rynek pracy i przechodzenia na emeryturę analizę ograniczono do osób w wieku 25–60 lat. W analizie rozkładów dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn w Polsce wykorzystano m.in. standardowe miary, takie jak średni dochód lub mediana dochodu oraz wskaźniki oparte na tych miarach, jak również współczynniki Giniego, Theila oraz entropii. Poza tym wykorzystano jądrowe estymatory gęstości i przedstawiono wyniki estymacji regresji kwantylowej pokazującej różnice dochodowe między kobietami i mężczyznami w różnych grupach dochodowych. Następnie dokonano porównania między podpróbami kobiet i mężczyzn uzyskujących najwyższe dochody (przyjęto próg 3% dla każdej płci). Przedstawiono również udział kobiet w grupie osób o najwyższych dochodach. Przeprowadzona analiza ujawniła m.in. zróżnicowanie dynamiki dochodów kobiet i mężczyzn, co stanowi argument za uwzględnieniem w analizie nierówności dochodowych także czynników cyklicznych, które mogą odmiennie oddziaływać na obie płci.
2

Korzyści i zagrożenia wynikające z inwentaryzacji niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego

100%
Włodarczyk J.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
|
2016
|
issue 9, Dziedzictwo kulturowe
45–62
XX
The article explores the various issues inherent in national exercises of inventorying intangible cultural heritage (ICH). The 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage obliges its State-Parties to draw up one or more inventories of the intangible heritage present in their territories. The heritage lists are made to serve as tools for devising proper safeguarding strategies, best suited to the individual needs of particular ICH elements. The inventories should also serve to promote ICH and encourage communities to take an active role in safeguarding them. The identification and inventorying of ICH should only be carried out with the consent and participation of the relevant heritage communities. Although the idea of the inventorying process is sound and in theory beneficial, it can cause unintended risks to the ICH it is meant to help safeguard. A lack of information regarding the purpose of the inventories may result in certain cultural expressions being viewed as “officially recognized” by state authorities or as more important than the heritage of groups whose heritage is not included in a register. The description of the elements in the inventories may come to be viewed as “iconic” and “proper,” leading to their fossilization in the form in which they were presented in the national register. Also, the ICH may become subject to misuse by outsiders who might wish to profit from the cultural phenomena made public through an inventory. Lastly, the growth of the tourist industry may threaten some phenomena or lead to their adjustment in order to suit the tastes and needs of the visitors. In the face of the many threats which seem to be connected to the national inventorying of ICH, it seems crucial to build capacity in regards to the purpose of the intangible heritage lists and the proper implementation of the 2003 UNESCO Convention at the national level.
3
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DISPERSION OF INFLATION EXPECTATIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION DURING THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

63%
Acedański J., Włodarczyk J.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
|
2016
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vol. 11
|
issue 4
737-749
EN
Inflation expectations, both their median and dispersion, are of great importance to the effectiveness of monetary policy. The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of the global financial crisis on dispersion of inflation expectations in the European Union. Using European Commission’s survey data, we find that in the early phase of the crisis the dispersion dropped rapidly but then, after Lehman Brothers’ collapse, the trend reversed and these fluctuations cannot be explained by movements of inflation rates and other commonly used factors. We also observe that, in the new European Union member states, the initial drop of the dispersion was weaker whereas the subsequent rise was stronger as compared to the old member states.
4
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Struktura zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych w modelu międzypokoleniowym z rynkiem nieruchomości dla Polski

63%
Acedański J., Włodarczyk J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2017
|
vol. 331
7-21
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie, w jakim stopniu standardowy makroekonomiczny model międzypokoleniowy z rynkiem mieszkaniowym jest w stanie odwzorować strukturę wiekową zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych w Polsce. Pokazano, że odpowiednio skalibrowany model prawidłowo opisuje zarówno odsetek zadłużonych gospodarstw domowych, jak i średnią wysokość długu z uwzględnieniem wieku gospodarstw. W artykule dokonano także oceny redystrybucyjnych efektów trwałych zmian wysokości światowych stóp procentowych dla gospodarstw domowych w Polsce.
EN
In this paper we investigate to what extent a standard overlapping generations model with housing is able to replicate age profiles of households’ debt observed in Poland. We show that a properly calibrated model matches both the fraction of indebted households and the conditional mean value of their debts. We use the model to assess distributional consequences of permanent changes in the world interest rates for households in Poland.
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