The paper discusses the impact of fluctuations on the development of socio-economic systems. It is analyzed the approaches to classification of fluctuations in economic systems. It is examined the role of fluctuations in the bifurcation and the adaptation mechanisms of socio-economic systems. At the point of system bifurcation even the slightest fluctuations caused by random circumstances can dramatically change the direction of future development. In redesigning the system to a different level of sustainability it is the fluctuations that play the role of ensuring multi-variability of development.
It is analyzed in the paper the essence and main components of economic mechanism for sustainable development implementation. Two main criteria for the efficiency estimation of economic mechanism are proposed. The first criteria describe the relationships between economic growth and pollution, the second criteria analyses ecological and economic convergence on regional level. Specific actions are proposed to improve the environmental policy in Ukraine.
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