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EN
At the time of a tough competition in the market companies resort to an increasingly big extent to statistical-economic methods allowing them to analyse phenomena and design financial strategies or plans. The author discusses the most important theoretical and practical aspects of financial planning in the company focussing attention on an important role played by financial forecasting and planning in its management. There are also analysed possibilities of using economic models including econometric ones in developing a financial plan and carrying out a simulation analysis and a sensitivity analysis on their basis. In the case of the latter one theoretical deliberations are accompanied by an empirical example.
EN
A subject of this article is to present the municipal bonds as a financial source of local development. Whereas they play an important role in development of local infrastructure in the developed countries their importance barely begins to increase in Poland. The article shows an essence and main groups of municipal bonds, an organization of their issuing process and legal conditions associated with this process. The last part of the article describes municipal bonds as a factor of local development.
PL
Autorzy analizują wrażliwość parametru beta na zmianę indeksu WIG na WIG20, czyli indeksu rynku w modelu jednoindeksowym Sharpe’a, oszacowanym dla dwunastu największych spółek z GPW w Warszawie w latach 2005–2015 z wykorzystaniem 3 interwałów pomiaru stopy zwrotu – dziennej, tygodniowej i miesięcznej. W przypadku danych dziennych ma znaczenie, czy indeksem rynku (jako zmienną objaśniającą) będzie WIG czy WIG20, przez zmniejszenie częstotliwości pomiaru wpływ tej zmiany na oszacowania modelu ulega zwiększeniu. Wrażliwość parametru beta na zmianę specyfikacji modelu – zmianę indeksu rynku – jest duża w przypadku danych dziennych, ale maleje wraz z wydłużeniem się interwału pomiaru stopy zwrotu. Zmiana indeksu rynku nie ma z kolei wpływu na parametry struktury stochastycznej estymowanego modelu.
EN
The authors analyze the sensitivity of the beta parameter from Sharpe’s single-index model to the change of market index. The estimation was made for twelve largest companies of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period 2005–2015 with the usage of three return intervals: daily, weekly and monthly. The results are applicative and indicate that in the case of daily data it is important whether the market index is WIG or WIG20. When the frequency of measurement is reduced, the impact of this change is stronger. The sensitivity of the beta parameter to the change of the market index is greater (daily data) but decreases with an increase of the return interval measurement. A change of the market index does not affect the parameters of the stochastic structure of the estimated model.
EN
The interrelationships between the development of the financial system and the growth in the economy are the subject of the research of many authors. The research on these relations is being conducted both on theoretical and empirical land. On the basis of current analyses and studies concerning the relation between the financial development and the growth in the economy it is hard explicitly to answer whether it is a development of the financial sector it influences the growth in the economy whether rather a growth in the economy causes the development of the financial sector as well as whether these relations are simultaneous or delayed. The purpose of this article is an attempt to identify occurring reports between the growth in the economy and the development of the financial sector in Poland on the basis of the attempt given annual in the period 1994-2005. Research analysis has empirical character and it comes down to estimating its parameters by construction of the econometric model in which an interrelationships are appearing between the growth in the economy and the development of the bank system in Poland and carrying simulation analysis out.
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